Water Efficiency in Buildings Theory and Practice

This reference source on water efficiency in buildings provides comprehensive and up-to-date information. Both multi-disciplinary and practical, it signposts current knowledge, innovation, expertise and evidence on an important subject which is high in the resource management debate.

Water Efficiency in Buildings: a review of theory and practice is structured into five sections: Policy; People; Building Design and Planning; Alternative Water Technologies; and Practical Examples & Case Studies. This final section of the book presents new and current practice as well as lessons learnt from case examples on the use of water saving technologies and user engagement.

Current evidence is vital for effective policy making. The dynamic nature of issues around water resource management creates a higher need for robust and reliable data and research information that can inform policy and regulations.

This compendium provides a roadmap for researchers and building professionals on water efficiency as well as for policy makers and regulators. The case studies and research presented fall within the water supply and demand spectrum, especially those that focus on process efficiency, resource management, building performance, customer experiences and user participation, sustainable practises, scientific and technological innovation. The benefit and impact of the research is at the localandnational level, as well as in the global context.

The Editor Kemi Adeyeye is Senior Lecturer in Architecture Technology at the  University of Brighton; she is also Principal Investigator and Coordinator of the Water Efficiency in Buildings Network

Chapter authors provide a balance of academic and practitioner views, from leading design and engineering practice to systems developed with manufacturing companies.

About the Contributors xi

Foreword by Jacob Tompkins, Managing Director of Waterwise xxi

Preface xxiii

Acknowledgements xxvii

Abbreviations xxviii

Section 1 Policy 1

1 Water Policy and Regulations: A UK Perspective 5
Kemi Adeyeye

Introduction 5

Water policy and context 6

Policy for water users 9

Methodology 11

Interview findings 11

Discussion 19

Further recommendations 21

Conclusion 21

Acknowledgements 22

References 22

2 Water Policy in Water-Stressed Regions: The Case Study of Iran 24
Eric R.P. Farr and Poorang Piroozfar

Introduction 24

Iran: water resources and use 25

Water resource planning and implementation 27

Policy opportunities and constraints 31

Recommendations 33

Conclusion 39

Acknowledgements 40

Further reading 40

References 40

3 Water Policy for Buildings: A Portuguese Perspective 42
Armando Silva Afonso and Carla Pimentel Rodrigues

Introduction 42

Policy context and evolution 43

Water efficiency in buildings 46

Opportunities and constraints 50

Conclusions and recommendations 54

Further reading 55

References 55

Section 2 People 57

4 Understanding Consumer Response to Water Efficiency Strategies 61
James Jenkins and Alexis Pericli

Introduction 61

Explorations in socio-demographic and contextual factors 62

Broadening the understanding of consumer responses 64

Recognising the attitude–behaviour gap 67

Conclusion and recommendations 68

Further reading 70

References 70

5 Distributed Demand and the Sociology of Water Efficiency 74
Alison Browne, Will Medd, Martin Pullinger and Ben Anderson

Introduction 74

Developing an idea of ‘distributed demand’ and a practice perspective on water efficiency 75

Beyond behaviour and technology: a practice perspective on ‘efficiency’ 77

Conclusion 83

Acknowledgements 84

Further reading 84

References 84

6 Co-creating Water Efficiency with Water Customers 88
Kemi Adeyeye

Introduction 88

Information technology for co-creation 92

A co-creation toolkit for personalised value and knowledge for water efficiency 95

Discussion 104

Conclusion 105

Further reading 106

References 106

Section 3 Building Design and Planning 109

7 Assessment Methodologies for Water Efficiency in Buildings 113
Dexter Robinson and Kemi Adeyeye

Introduction 113

Building environmental assessment and rating methods 114

Discussion 124

Conclusion 126

Further reading 127

References 127

8 Intelligent Metering for Urban Water Planning and Management 129
Cara Beal, Rodney Stewart, Damien Giurco and Kriengsak Panuwatwanich

Introduction 129

Role of intelligent water metering and big data 131

Intelligent metering applications and benefits 135

Conclusion and recommendations 143

Further reading 145

References 145

9 Integrated Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems 147
Stephen J. Coupe, Amal S. Faraj, Ernest O. Nnadi and Susanne M. Charlesworth

Introduction 147

Sustainable drainage systems 148

Types of SuDs 151

Case studies: integrated SuDs 156

Conclusion 160

Further reading 161

References 161

Section 4 Alternative Water Technologies 165

10 Greywater Recycling in Buildings 169
Erwin Nolde, Nolde and Partner

Introduction 169

Greywater quantity and quality 170

Greywater policy and guidelines 172

Greywater technology 173

Project examples 179

Benefits and constraints of greywater recycling 183

Conclusion and recommendations 187

Further reading 188

References 188

11 Rainwater Recycling in Buildings 190
Siraj Tahir, Ilan Adler and Luiza Campos

Introduction 190

Rainwater harvesting systems 191

Rainwater quality 192

Treatment technologies 194

Storage system sizing 199

Environmental benefits 203

User perception and acceptability 203

Conclusions 205

Further reading 206

References 206

12 A Strategic Framework for Rainwater Harvesting 209
Sarah Ward, Stewart Barr, Fayyaz Ali Memon and David Butler

Introduction 209

Developing a socio-technical evidence base 211

Selected socio-technical evidence base results 213

The strategic framework for RWH in the UK – a synthesis 219

The framework 223

Conclusion 225

Acknowledgements 225

Further reading 225

References 226

Section 5 Practical Examples and Case Studies 229

13 Lifecycle Benefits of Domestic Water-Efficient Fittings and Products 233
Vivian Tam and Andrew Brohier

Introduction 233

Methodology 234

Findings 235

Conclusion 239

Further reading 239

References 240

14 Water Efficiency in Office Buildings 241
Lee Bint, Robert Vale and Nigel Isaacs

Introduction 241

Methodology 242

Influences on water efficiency 243

Conclusions and recommendations 249

Acknowledgements 250

Further reading 250

References 251

15 Lessons from a New Water Treatment Plant in a Water-Stressed Region 252
Davood Nattaghi and Poorang Piroozfar

Introduction 252

Case study: Mashhad water treatment plant 253

Practical problems associated with the new WTP 255

Conclusion 261

Acknowledgements 262

Further reading 262

Reference 262

16 Water-Efficient Products and the Water Label 263
Yvonne Orgill, Terence Woolliscroft and David Brindley

Introduction 263

Water and energy are inextricably linked 264

The Water Label 268

The Water Calculator 271

Conclusion 272

Further reading 272

References 272

17 ‘Greening the Green’ – Community Water in the Age of Localism 273
Nick Gant, Jean Balnave and Kemi Adeyeye

Introduction 273

The case study community 275

The water workshop 276

Workshop findings 277

Action from the workshop 279

Discussion 281

Conclusion 283

Acknowledgements 284

Further reading 284

References 284

Index 287

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