WCDMA : Towards IP Mobility and Mobile Internet

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ISBN: 9781580531801 | 1580531806
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 2/1/2001

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While covering the basics of wideband CDMA, this major revision of the best-selling Wideband CDMA for Third Generation Mobile Communications brings you up-to-date with all the latest developments in third generation mobile communications. New sections cover fundamental IP concepts, All-IP core networks, and the standardized radio access technologies WCDMA, EDGE and cdma2000, including their future developments - WCDMA HSPA and 1XEV.

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xxi

Introduction

(32)

Tero Ojanpera

Ramjee Prasad

Multiple Access

(2)

Classification of CDMA

(1)

CDMA: Past, Present, and Future

(1)

Mobile Cellular Era

(8)

GSM

(3)

US-TDMA (IS-54/IS-136)

(1)

IS-95

(1)

Personal Digital Cellular

(1)

Third-Generation Systems

(9)

Objectives and Requirements

(1)

IMT-2000 Air Interface Selections

(1)

Europe

(3)

Japan

(1)

The United States

(1)

Korea

(1)

Global Harmonized Wideband CDMA

(1)

Global Third-Generation Standardization

(1)

Frequency Allocation for Third-Generation Systems

(1)

Air Interface Technologies for Third-Generation Systems

(4)

Wideband CDMA

(1)

TDMA

(2)

WCDMA TDD

(1)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

(1)

Preview of the Book

(7)

References

(6)

Basic Principles Of CDMA

(32)

Tero Ojanpera

Ramjee Prasad

Introduction

(1)

CDMA Concepts

(13)

Spread-Spectrum Multiple Access

(9)

Basic DS-CDMA Elements

(5)

RAKE Receiver

(1)

Power Control

(1)

Soft Handover

(2)

Interfrequency Handover

(1)

Multiuser Detection

(1)

IS-95 CDMA

(14)

Downlink Channel Structure

(4)

Uplink Channel Structure

(3)

Power Control

(4)

Speech Codecs and Discontinuous Tranmission

(1)

References

(2)

Mobile Internet

(18)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

(2)

Market Outlook

(1)

Wireless Portals

(1)

Business Model of the Mobile Internet

(1)

Mobile Internet Technologies

(1)

WAP

(1)

i-Mode

(1)

Third-Generation Application Scenario

(1)

Internet

(3)

Wireless Video

(2)

Multimedia Services

(1)

IMT-2000 Bearer Services

(1)

Traffic Models

(6)

Real-Time Services

(1)

Non-Real-Time Services

(3)

References

(2)

Radio Operating Environments and Their Impact On System Design

(24)

Tero Ojanpera

Ramjee Prasad

Introduction

(2)

Multipath Channel

(2)

Radio Environments

(2)

Vehicular Radio Environment

(1)

Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian Radio Environment

(1)

Indoor Office Radio Environment

(1)

Distribution Functions

(2)

Path Loss and Deployment Models

(4)

Vehicular Radio Environment

(1)

Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian Radio Environment

(3)

Indoor Office Radio Environment

(1)

Small-Scale Models

(5)

Vehicular Radio Environment

(2)

Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian Radio Environment

(1)

Indoor Office Radio Environment

(2)

Spatial Channel Models

100

(1)

Mobility Models

100

(7)

Vehicular Radio Environment

101

(1)

Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrain Radio Environment

101

(1)

Indoor Office Radio Environment

102

(3)

References

105

(2)

CDMA Air Interface Design

107

(64)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

107

(1)

Definition of Requirements and General Design Process

107

(2)

Layered Air Interface Structure

109

(1)

Logical Channels

110

(1)

Physical Channels

110

(4)

Frame Length Design

111

(1)

Measurement Signaling

112

(1)

Pilot Signals

112

(2)

Spreading Codes

114

(7)

Basic Properties of Spreading Codes

114

(2)

Pseudo-Noise Sequences

116

(1)

Orthogonal Codes

117

(2)

Selection Criteria

119

(2)

Modulation

121

(5)

Data Modulation

122

(1)

Spreading Circuits

123

(2)

Spreading Modulation

125

(1)

Error Control Schemes

126

(2)

Selection of Error Control Codes

126

(1)

Convolutional Codes

126

(1)

Concatenated Reed-Solomon/Convolutional Coding

126

(1)

Turbo Codes

127

(1)

Hybrid ARQ Schemes

127

(1)

Interleaving Schemes

127

(1)

Combined Channel Coding and Spreading

127

(1)

Multirate Schemes

128

(4)

Accommodation of Higher Data Rates

128

(2)

Granularity of Data Rates

130

(1)

Transmission of Control Information

131

(1)

Packet Data

132

(2)

Packet Access Procedure

132

(1)

MAC Protocol

133

(1)

Packet Data Handover

133

(1)

Transceiver

134

(4)

Receiver

134

(3)

Transmitter

137

(1)

Multiuser Detection

138

(12)

Capacity and Coverage Improvement

138

(2)

Development of Multiuser Detection

140

(1)

Multiuser Detection Algorithms

140

(2)

System Model and MUD Algorithm Formulation

142

(2)

Design Aspects for Multiuser Detection

144

(2)

Choice of Multiuser Detector Algorithm

146

(4)

Random Access Procedure

150

(1)

Handover

151

(9)

Definitions

151

(1)

Handover Procedure

152

(1)

Soft Handover

153

(5)

Softer Handover

158

(1)

Interfrequency Handover

159

(1)

Power Control

160

(2)

Power Control Criteria

160

(1)

Power Control Step Size

160

(1)

Dynamic Range Requirements

160

(1)

Power Control Command Rate

161

(1)

Power Control and Multiuser Detection

162

(1)

Admission and Load Control

162

(9)

Load Factor

162

(1)

Admission Control Principles

163

(1)

Load Control Principles

163

(1)

References

163

(8)

WCDMA

171

(36)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

171

(1)

WCDMA Specifications

172

(1)

Protocol Architecture

173

(6)

Logical Channels

175

(2)

Transport Channels

177

(2)

Physical Channels

179

(7)

Uplink Physical Channels

179

(4)

Downlink Physical Channels

183

(3)

Multirate User Data Transmission

186

(5)

Transport Format Detection

190

(1)

Channel Coding

190

(1)

Spreading and Modulation

191

(6)

Uplink Spreading

192

(2)

Downlink Spreading

194

(3)

Modulation

197

(1)

Transmit Diversity

197

(1)

Air Interface Procedures

198

(7)

Cell Search

198

(1)

Handover

199

(4)

Power Control

203

(1)

Uplink Synchronous Transmission Scheme

203

(1)

Packet Data

204

(1)

WCDMA Evolution -- Release 2000 and Beyond

205

(2)

References

205

(2)

WCDMA Time Division Duplex

207

(18)

Tero Ojanpera

Antti Toskala

Harri Holma

Introduction

207

(1)

TDD Concept

207

(5)

Asymmetric Services

207

(1)

Reciprocal Channel in Uplink and Downlink

208

(1)

Interference Issues

209

(3)

WCDMA TDD Specifications

212

(1)

WCDMA TDD System Description

212

(13)

Transport Channels

213

(1)

Physical Channels

214

(2)

Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)

216

(1)

Burst Types

216

(1)

Common Physical Channels

217

(3)

Mapping of Transport Channels on Physical Channels

220

(1)

Power Control

220

(1)

Handover

221

(1)

Dynamic Channel Allocation

222

(1)

Joint Detection

222

(1)

References

222

(3)

cdma2000

225

(10)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

225

(2)

cdma2000 Specifications

227

(1)

cdma2000 System Description

228

(4)

Physical Channels

228

(2)

Spreading

230

(1)

Multirate

231

(1)

Packet Data

231

(1)

Handover

232

(1)

Transmit Diversity

232

(1)

cdma2000 IX Evolution-1xEV

232

(3)

1xEV-DO

233

(1)

1xEV-DV

233

(2)

References

235

(1)

Performance Analysis

235

(54)

Harri Holma

Antti Toskala

Seppo Hamalainen

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

235

(1)

Diversity

236

(5)

Gain from Multipath Diversity

236

(1)

Multipath Diversity in Different Radio Environments

236

(3)

Antenna Diversity

239

(1)

Polarization Diversity

239

(1)

Macro Diversity

239

(1)

Time Diversity

240

(1)

WCDMA Simulators

241

(7)

Link Level Simulation

242

(1)

System Level Simulation

242

(6)

Simulation Parameters

248

(1)

Fast Power Control

248

(10)

Impact of Fast Power Control in Eb/N0

249

(1)

Intercell Interference with Uplink Fast Power Control

250

(7)

Capacity Degradation Due to Imperfect Power Control

257

(1)

Spectrum Efficiency

258

(15)

Link Level Performance of WCDMA Uplink

258

(5)

Spectrum Efficiency of WCDMA Uplink

263

(3)

Link Level Performance of WCDMA Downlink

266

(4)

Spectrum Efficiency of WCDMA Downlink

270

(2)

Comparison of Spectrum Efficiency for Uplink and Downlink

272

(1)

Coverage

273

(16)

Range Calculation

273

(4)

Range in Unloaded and Loaded Networks

277

(3)

Range Extension with Base Station MUD in Loaded Networks

280

(1)

Mobile Transmission Power Savings with Base Station MUD

281

(2)

Effect of User Bit Rate on the Range

283

(1)

Summary

284

(1)

References

285

(4)

Hierarchical Cell Structures

289

(12)

Seppo Hamalainen

Harri Lilja

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

289

(1)

Nonlinear Power Amplifiers

290

(2)

Power Amplifier Characteristics

291

(1)

Power Amplifier Efficiency

292

(1)

Micro- and Macrocells at the Same Frequency

292

(1)

Micro- and Macrocells at Different Frequencies

293

(8)

Adjacent Channel Interference and Link Level Performance

294

(1)

System Level Simulations of an HCS Network

295

(2)

Spectrum Efficiency Results

297

(2)

References

299

(2)

Implementation Aspects

301

(44)

Timo Eriksson

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

301

(1)

Optimization Criteria

302

(3)

Power Consumption, Cost, and Size

303

(1)

Evaluation Methods

304

(1)

Modularity Considerations

305

(1)

Baseband Section

306

(22)

Baseband Receiver

306

(17)

Baseband Transmitter

323

(5)

RF Section

328

(8)

Linearity and Power Consumption Considerations

328

(2)

Receiver Architectures

330

(4)

Transmitter Architectures

334

(2)

Software Configurable Radio

336

(2)

Typical Wideband CDMA Mobile Terminal Architecture

338

(2)

Multimode Terminals

340

(5)

Nonspread Versus Spread Systems

341

(1)

Slotted Versus Continuous Systems

341

(1)

FDD Versus TDD Systems

342

(1)

References

342

(3)

Network Planning

345

(28)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

345

(1)

Traffic Intensity

346

(1)

Performance Measures

346

(3)

Radio Network Planning Procedure

349

(13)

Preparation Phase

350

(1)

Estimation of Cell Count

351

(5)

Detailed Network Planning

356

(6)

Microcell Network Planning in CDMA

362

(2)

Corner Effect

362

(2)

Micro/Macrocells in the Same Frequency

364

(1)

Indoor Planning

364

(1)

Sectorization and Smart Antennas

364

(1)

Network Dimensioning

365

(2)

BTS Channel Element Planning

365

(2)

Number of BSCs and Switches, HLR and VLR Signaling Traffic

367

(1)

Transmission Capacity

367

(1)

Transmission Network Optimization

367

(1)

Coexistence

367

(4)

Intermodulation (IM)

368

(2)

Guard Bands and Zones

370

(1)

Frequency Sharing

371

(2)

References

371

(2)

Basic Principles of IP

373

(22)

Carl Wijting

Martijn Kuipers

Ramjee Prasad

Introduction

373

(1)

Basics of IP

373

(3)

Congestion Control

376

(1)

IP Routing Protocols

377

(1)

IPv4 Versus IPv6

378

(2)

IP and Quality of Service

380

(1)

IP Enhancements for Wireless/Mobile

381

(6)

Telephony over the Internet

387

(2)

H.323

387

(1)

SIP

388

(1)

Security in TCP/IP

389

(2)

IETF Standardization

391

(1)

Conclusions

392

(3)

References

392

(3)

Network Architectures

395

(32)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

395

(1)

Basic Technologies

395

(3)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

396

(1)

Signaling System 7

397

(1)

Mobile Application Part

397

(1)

GSM/GPRS Network

398

(7)

Reference Architectures

398

(5)

Protocol Stacks

403

(2)

3GPP Network

405

(8)

System Architecture

407

(1)

Interfaces and Protocols

408

(5)

Overview of IS-41/IS-95 Network Architecture

413

(10)

IS-41/IS-95 Standards

413

(1)

Reference Architecture

414

(3)

Protocol Stacks

417

(4)

IS-41/95 Evolution Towards Third Generation

421

(2)

All-IP Networks

423

(4)

Drivers for All-IP

423

(1)

Objectives of All-IP Network Development and Standardization

423

(1)

All-IP Architectures

424

(1)

Radio Issues for All-IP Networks

425

(1)

References

426

(1)

Standardization

427

(16)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

427

(1)

Standardization Bodies and Industry Groups

427

(11)

3GPP

427

(3)

3GPP2

430

(1)

Europe

431

(1)

The United States

432

(3)

Japan

435

(1)

Korea

436

(1)

China

437

(1)

All-IP Industry Groups

437

(1)

ITU

438

(1)

Regulation

438

(5)

UMTS Spectrum Licensing

440

(1)

References

441

(2)

Future Directions

443

(12)

Tero Ojanpera

Introduction

443

(1)

Technology Landscape

443

(4)

Cellular Air Interface Evolution

444

(2)

Wireless LAN

446

(1)

Bluetooth

447

(1)

Satellites

447

(1)

Enabling Technologies

447

(2)

Market Considerations

449

(3)

Development Scenarios

452

(1)

A Wireless Day

452

(1)

Concluding Remarks

453

(2)

References

453

(2)

About The Authors

455

(4)

Index

459

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WCDMA : Towards IP Mobility and Mobile Internet

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials