WDM Technologies: Passive Optical Components

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780122252624 | 0122252624
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/16/2003

eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 1825 Days

Downloadable: Lifetime Access

*To support the delivery of the digital material to you, a digital delivery fee of $3.99 will be charged on each digital item.

$186.00*

The communications industry is at the onset of new expansion of WDM technology necessary to meet the new demand for bandwidth. This is the second of a four reference books that will cover this technology comprehensively with all of the major topics covered by a separate volumes - i.e. active components, passive components, systems and networks. This book is the first which covers all key passive optical components required for current and next generation optical communication systems. World-renowned authors, who are pioneers in their research area, have written the chapters in their area of expertise. The book highlights not only the principle of operation and characteristics of the passive optical components, but also provides an in-depth account of the state-of-the-art system applications.

Contributors

xiii

Foreword: The WDM Revolution

Acknowledgments

xix

Chapter 1 Overview

(8)

Achyut K. Dutta, Niloy K. Dutta, and Masahiko Fujiwara

1.1. Prospectus

(1)

1.2. Organization and Features of the Volume

(1)

1.3. Survey

(5)

References

(1)

Part 1 WDM Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Technologies

(92)

Chapter 2 Arrayed-Waveguide Grating (AWG) Router

(28)

Katsunari Okamoto

2.1. Waveguide Fabrication

(1)

2.2. Principle of Operation and Fundamental Characteristics of AWG

(6)

2.3. Phase Error Compensation of AWG

(1)

2.4. Tandem AWG Configuration

(2)

2.5. N x N AWG Router

(5)

2.6. Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

(5)

2.7. Optical Label Recognition Circuit for Photonic Label Switch Router

(3)

2.8. Summary

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 3 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer: Discrete

(40)

Y. Calvin Si and Yale Cheng

3.1. Introduction

(1)

3.2. Parameters of MUX/DEMUX Devices

(3)

3.3. Dielectric Thin-Film Interference Filter-Based MUX/DEMUX

(10)

3.3.1. Basic Structure of the Dielectric Thin-Film Interference Filters

(2)

3.3.2. Design and Analysis of the Thin-Film Filter

(3)

3.3.3. MUX/DEMUX Devices Using Dielectric Thin-Film Filters

(4)

3.4. Fiber Bragg Grating-Based MUX/DEMUR

(7)

3.4.1. Principle of the Fiber Bragg Grating

(2)

3.4.2. Properties of the Fiber Bragg Grating

(3)

3.4.3. Fiber Bragg Grating-Based MUX/DEMUR Devices

(2)

3.5. Planar Lightwave Circuits-Based MUX/DEMUX

(5)

3.5.1. Principle of the AWG

(2)

3.5.2. Properties of AWG-Based MUX/DEMUX

(2)

3.6. Diffraction Grating-Based MUX/DEMUX

(6)

3.6.1. Principle of Diffraction Gratings

(2)

3.6.2. MUX/DEMUX Devices Using the Diffraction Gratings

(3)

3.7. Interleaves Technology

(5)

References

(4)

Chapter 4 Circulator

(22)

Yale Cheng

Abstract

(1)

4.1. Introduction

(1)

4.2. Operating Principle

(9)

4.2.1. Faraday Effect

(1)

4.2.2. Propagation in Birefringent Crystals

(1)

4.2.3. Waveplates

(2)

4.2.4. Beam Displacer

(1)

4.2.5. Operating Principle of Optical Circulators

(4)

4.3. Analysis of Optical Circulators

(3)

4.4. Designs of Optical Circulators

(4)

4.4.1. Optical Circulator Design Using Diverging Beam

(2)

4.4.2. Optical Circulator Design Using Beam Deflection

(1)

4.4.3. Reflective Optical Circulator

(1)

4.5. Applications of Optical Circulators

(3)

References

(2)

Part 2 Optical Switching Technologies

101

(184)

Chapter 5 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)for Optical-Fiber Communications

103

(44)

Lih-Yuan Lin

5.1. MEMS Fabrication Technologies

104

(12)

5.1.1. Bulk Micromachining

104

(3)

5.1.2. Surface Micromachining

107

(3)

5.1.3. Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Technology

110

(3)

5.1.4. Other Fabrication Technologies

113

(3)

5.2. MEMS for Transmission Engineering

116

(12)

5.2.1. Tunable Lasers, Detectors, and Filters

116

(3)

5.2.2. Dynamic Gain-Equalizers and Variable Optical Attenuators

119

(5)

5.2.3. Chromatic Dispersion Compensation

124

(1)

5.2.4. Polarization Engineering

125

(3)

5.3. MEMS for Optical-Layer Networking

128

(15)

5.3.1. Reconfigurable Wavelength Add/Drop Multiplexers (WADM5)

129

(3)

5.3.2. Optical Crossconnects (OXCs)

132

(11)

5.4 Conclusion

143

(1)

References

144

(3)

Chapter 6 PLC-type Thermooptic Switches for Photonic Networks

147

(66)

Yoshinori Hibino

6.1. Introduction

147

(2)

6.2. Planar Lightwave Circuits

149

(2)

6.3. Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Type TO Optical Switches

151

(15)

6.3.1. Fundamentals of MZI

151

(2)

6.3.2. PLC-TOSW Fabrication

153

(2)

6.3.3. Optical Characteristics of TOSW

155

(8)

6.3.4. Phase-Trimming Technique

163

(3)

6.4. Applications of 2 x 2 PLC-Type TOSW

166

(9)

6.4.1. Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA)

166

(1)

6.4.2. Eight-Arrayed 2 x 2 Switch

167

(6)

6.4.3. Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer Integrated with AWG

173

(2)

6.5. 1 x N PLC-Type TOSW

175

(6)

6.5.1. Configuration of 1 x N TOSW

175

(1)

6.5.2. Fabrication and Characteristics of 1 x N TOSW

176

(1)

6.5.3. System Application

177

(4)

6.6. N x N Non-Blocking Matrix switch

181

(24)

6.6.1. 8 x 8 Matrix Switch

181

(16)

6.6.2. 16 x 16 Matrix Switch

197

(8)

6.7. TOSW with Low Power Consumption

205

(2)

6.8. Conclusion

207

(1)

References

208

(5)

Chapter 7 Lithium Niobate and Electrooptic Guided-Wave Optical Switch

213

(72)

Hideaki Okayama

Abstract

213

(1)

7.1. Introduction

213

(1)

7.2. Overview of Guided-Wave Optical Switching Technology

214

(3)

7.3. Single-Stage Routing Multi-Port Optical Switch

217

(8)

7.3.1. Deflector Type

217

(5)

7.3.2. Diffraction Type

222

(3)

7.4. Optical Switching Elements for Multistage Switching Network

225

(21)

7.4.1. Single and Two-Mode Effect

229

(11)

7.4.2. Multimode Effect

240

(6)

7.5. Optical Switch Arrays

246

(18)

7.5.1. Single Chip Architecture

248

(6)

7.5.2. Crosstalk Reduction in a Single Chip Device

254

(2)

7.5.3. Multiple Chip Architecture

256

(7)

7.5.4. Architecture for Wavelength Routing

263

(1)

7.6. Device Based on LiNb03

264

(3)

7.7. Polarization-Independent Structures

267

(2)

7.8. Other Materials with Electrooptic Effect

269

(3)

7.9. Nonlinear Optical Switch

272

(1)

7.10. Conclusion

273

(1)

References

274

(11)

Part 3 Optical Amplifier Technologies

285

(162)

Chapter 8 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA)

287

(34)

Niloy Dutta

8.1. Introduction

287

(2)

8.2. Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Designs

289

(8)

8.2.1. Low Reflectivity Coatings

290

(1)

8.2.2. Buried Facet Amplifiers

291

(4)

8.2.3. Tilted Facet Amplifiers

295

(2)

8.3. Integrated Amplifiers and Photonic Integrated Circuits

297

(5)

8.3.1. MQW Amplifiers

297

(2)

8.3.2. Multichannel WDM Sources with Amplifiers

299

(1)

8.3.3. Spot Size Conversion (SSC)

300

(1)

8.3.4. Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

301

(1)

8.4. Functional Performance

302

(16)

8.4.1. Wavelength Conversion

302

(12)

8.4.2. Optical Demultiplexing

314

(2)

8.4.3. Optical Logic

316

(2)

8.5. Summary and Future Challenges

318

(1)

References

319

(2)

Chapter 9 Optical Amplifiers for Terabit Capacity Lightwave systems

321

(56)

Atut Srivastava and Yan Sun

9.1. Introduction

321

(2)

9.2. EDFAs for High-Capacity Networks

323

(15)

9.2.1. Basics Characteristics of EDFAs

324

(5)

9.2.2. EDFA Design Considerations

329

(4)

9.2.3. System Issues

333

(4)

9.2.4. Dynamic Networks-Related Issues

337

(1)

9.3. Advances in EDFAs for High-Capacity Networks

338

(25)

9.3.1. Wide-Bandwidth C-Band EDFA

338

(2)

9.3.2. L-Band EDFA

340

(3)

9.3.3. Ultra-Wide-Band EDFA

343

(2)

9.3.4. Raman/EDFAs

345

(4)

9.3.5. EDFAs for Dynamic Networks

349

(14)

9.4. Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for WDM Systems

363

(6)

Acknowledgments

369

(1)

References

370

(7)

Chapter 10 Fiber Raman Amplifier

377

(70)

Shu Namiki

10.1. Overview

377

(1)

10.2. Principles

378

(5)

10.2.1. Spontaneous Raman Scattering

378

(2)

10.2.2. Quantum-Mechanical Description and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)

380

(2)

10.2.3. Raman Scattering and Brillouin Scattering

382

(1)

10.3. Stimulated Raman Amplification in Optical Fiber

383

(15)

10.3.1. Fiber Raman Amplifier and Its Theoretical Model

383

(2)

10.3.2. Spectra of Raman Gain Efficiency for Different Fibers

385

(2)

10.3.3. Fluorescence Lifetime

387

(1)

10.3.4. Polarization-Dependent Gain and Degree of Polarization of Pump

388

(3)

10.3.5. Gain Saturation

391

(1)

10.3.6. Noise

392

(6)

10.4. Raman amplifiers for WDM Transmissions

398

(26)

10.4.1. Application of Fiber Raman Amplifiers to Optical Communications

398

(1)

10.4.2. Advantages of Distributed Amplification

399

(2)

10.4.3. Comparison with EDFA

401

(1)

10.4.4. Discrete and Hybrid Raman Amplifiers

402

(1)

10.4.5. WDM Pumping

403

(3)

10.4.6. Superposition Rule

406

(2)

10.4.7. Accounting for Pump-to-Pump Raman Interaction

408

(1)

10.4.8. Modeling

409

(5)

10.4.9. Gain Saturation

414

(1)

10.4.10. Some Specific Design Issues

414

(10)

10.5. Key Components and Raman Pump Unit

424

(9)

10.5.1. Gain Fiber

424

(1)

10.5.2. Laser Diode

425

(2)

10.5.3. Cascaded Raman Resonator

427

(1)

10.5.4. Pump Combiners

428

(2)

10.5.5. Raman Pump Units

430

(3)

10.6. System Applications

433

(2)

10.7. Concluding Remarks

435

(1)

Acknowledgments

435

(1)

References

435

(12)

Part 4 Critical Technologies

447

(56)

Chapter 11 Semiconductor Monolithic Circuit

449

(54)

Yuzo Yoshikuni

11.1. Introduction

449

(1)

11.2. Semiconductor Materials for Optical Integrated Devices

450

(4)

11.3. Semiconductor Waveguide Structure for Optical Integrated Devices

454

(4)

11.4. Semiconductor Arrayed Waveguide Grating(AWG)

458

(21)

11.4.1. Structure and Operation Principle of AWGs

459

(5)

11.4.2. Polarization Dependence of Semiconductor AWG

464

(4)

11.4.3. Characteristics of Semiconductor AWGs

468

(3)

11.4.4. Insertion Loss of Semiconductor AWGs

471

(5)

11.4.5. A Temperature-Insensitive Semiconductor AWG

476

(3)

11.5. Multi-Mode Interference (MMI) Couplers

479

(5)

11.6. Monolithic Integration of Semiconductor Devices

484

(12)

11.6.1. Monolithic Integration of Semiconductor AWGs and Photo-Detectors

485

(4)

11.6.2. Monolithic Integration of AWG and Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

489

(5)

11.6.3. Monolithic Integration of AWG and Optical Switch

494

(2)

11.7. Summary

496

(2)

References

498

(5)

Index

503

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

WDM Technologies: Passive Optical Components

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

WDM Technologies: Passive Optical Components

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License