We the People: An Introduction to American Politics

, by Ginsberg, Benjamin; Lowi, Theodore J.; Weir, Margaret

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ISBN: 9780393979282 | 0393979288
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/1/2003

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Supplemental Materials

Preface and Acknowledgments

xxxiii

Part I FOUNDATIONS

American Political Culture

(34)

What Americans Think about Government

(6)

Trust in Government

(5)

Political Efficacy

(1)

What Americans Know about Government

(4)

Citizenship: Knowledge and Participation

(1)

The Necessity of Political Knowledge

(1)

Government

(4)

Is Government Needed?

(1)

Forms of Government

(1)

Limiting Government

(1)

Access to Government: The Expansion of Participation

(1)

Influencing the Government Through Participation: Politics

(1)

American Political Culture: Shared Values, but Disagreements over the Role of Government

(11)

Liberty

(1)

Equality

(3)

Democracy

(1)

Does the System Uphold American Political Values?

(6)

Values and the Ends of Government

(1)

Who Benefits from Government?

(1)

What You Can Do: Test the Political Waters

(1)

Summary

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Study Outline

(1)

Practice Quiz

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

The Founding and the Constitution

(44)

The First Founding: Interests and Conflicts

(4)

British Taxes and Colonial Interests

(2)

Political Strife and the Radicalizing of the Colonists

(1)

The Declaration of Independence

(1)

The Articles of Confederation

(1)

The Second Founding: From Compromise to Constitution

(6)

International Standing and Balance of Power

(1)

The Annapolis Convention

(1)

Shays's Rebellion

(1)

The Constitutional Convention

(4)

The Constitution

(8)

The Legislative Branch

(1)

The Executive Branch

(2)

The Judicial Branch

(1)

National Unity and Power

(2)

Amending the Constitution

(1)

Ratifying the Constitution

(1)

Constitutional Limits on the National Government's Power

(2)

The Fight for Ratification

(9)

Federalists vs. Antifederalists

(7)

Reflections on the Founding

(1)

The Citizen's Role and the Changing Constitution

(8)

Amendments: Many Are Called, Few Are Chosen

(1)

The Case of the Equal Rights Amendment

(1)

Which Were Chosen? An Analysis of the Twenty-Seven

(6)

Reflections on Liberty, Equality, and Democracy

(1)

What You Can Do: Become a Framer

(1)

Summary

(1)

For Further Reading

(1)

Study Outline

(1)

Practice Quiz

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

(1)

Key Terms

(1)

Federalism

(38)

The Federal Framework

(13)

Federalism in the Constitution

(4)

Restraining National Power with Dual Federalism, 1789--1937

(3)

Federalism and the Slow Growth of the National Government's Power

(3)

The Changing Role of the States

(2)

Who Does What? The Changing Federal Framework

(14)

Expansion of the National Government

(1)

Federal Grants

(2)

Cooperative Federalism

(1)

Regulated Federalism and National Standards

100

(2)

New Federalism and State Control

102

(2)

Devolution: For Whose Benefit?

104

(6)

Federalism and American Political Values

110

(2)

What You Can Do: Participate at Different Levels of the Federal System

112

(1)

Summary

113

(1)

For Further Reading

114

(1)

Study Outline

114

(1)

Practice Quiz

115

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

116

(1)

Key Terms

116

(2)

Civil Liberties

118

(42)

A Brief History of the Bill of Rights

121

(4)

Nationalizing the Bill of Rights

122

(3)

The First Amendment and Freedom of Religion

125

(5)

Separation Between Church and State

126

(1)

Free Exercise of Religion

127

(3)

The First Amendment and Freedom of Speech and the Press

130

(8)

Absolutely Protected Speech

130

(3)

Freedom of the Press

133

(1)

Conditionally Protected Speech

133

(5)

The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms

138

(1)

Rights of the Criminally Accused

139

(11)

The Fourth Amendment and Searches and Seizures

140

(2)

The Fifth Amendment

142

(4)

The Sixth Amendment and the Right to Counsel

146

(1)

The Eighth Amendment and Cruel and Unusual Punishment

146

(4)

The Right to Privacy

150

(2)

The Future of Civil Liberties

152

(1)

What You Can Do: Defend Liberty

153

(3)

Summary

156

(1)

For Further Reading

157

(1)

Study Outline

157

(1)

Practice Quiz

158

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

159

(1)

Key Terms

159

(1)

Civil Rights

160

(48)

The Struggle for Civil Rights

163

(18)

Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement

163

(1)

The Link to the Women's Rights Movement

164

(1)

The Civil War Amendments to the Constitution

164

(1)

Civil Rights and the Supreme Court: ``Separate but Equal''

165

(1)

Organizing for Equality

166

(1)

Litigating for Equality After World War II

167

(2)

Civil Rights After Brown v. Board of Education

169

(4)

The Civil Rights Acts

173

(8)

The Universalization of Civil Rights

181

(10)

Women and Gender Discrimination

181

(5)

Latinos and Asian Americans

186

(3)

Native Americans

189

(1)

Disabled Americans

190

(1)

The Aged

190

(1)

Gays and Lesbians

190

(1)

Affirmative Action

191

(10)

The Supreme Court and the Burden of Proof

193

(3)

Referendums on Affirmative Action

196

(1)

Affirmative Action and American Political Values

196

(5)

What You Can Do: Mobilize for Civil Rights

201

(2)

Summary

203

(1)

For Further Reading

203

(1)

Study Outline

204

(1)

Practice Quiz

204

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

205

(1)

Key Terms

205

(3)

Part II POLITICS

Public Opinion

208

(42)

Political Values

212

(17)

Fundamental Values

212

(2)

Forms of Disagreement

214

(5)

How Political Values Are Formed

219

(1)

Influences on Our Political Values

220

(5)

From Political Values to Ideology

225

(4)

How We Form Political Opinions

229

(8)

Political Knowledge

230

(1)

The Influence of Political Leaders, Private Groups, and the Media

231

(6)

Measuring Public Opinion

237

(6)

Constructing Public Opinion from Surveys

237

(1)

Problems with Polling

238

(5)

Public Opinion and Democracy

243

(3)

What You Can Do: Become Politically Knowledgeable

246

(1)

Summary

247

(1)

For Further Reading

247

(1)

Study Outline

248

(1)

Practice Quiz

248

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

249

(1)

Key Terms

249

(1)

The Media

250

(32)

The Media Industry and Government

252

(10)

Types of Media

252

(3)

Regulation of the Broadcast Media

255

(1)

Organization and Ownership of the Media

256

(5)

Nationalization of the News

261

(1)

News Coverage

262

(5)

Journalists

263

(1)

Subjects of the News

264

(1)

The Power of Consumers

265

(2)

Media Power in American Politics

267

(9)

Shaping Events

267

(1)

The Sources of Media Power

267

(7)

The Rise of Adversarial Journalism

274

(2)

Media Power and Democracy

276

(2)

What You Can Do: Analyze News Sources

278

(1)

Summary

279

(1)

For Further Reading

279

(1)

Study Outline

280

(1)

Practice Quiz

280

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

281

(1)

Key Terms

281

(1)

Political Participation and Voting

282

(38)

Political Participation

284

(10)

Forms of Participation

284

(4)

Voting

288

(6)

Who Participates, and How?

294

(7)

African Americans

294

(1)

Latinos

295

(1)

Asian Americans

296

(1)

Women vs. Men

296

(2)

Religious Identity and Politics

298

(2)

Age and Participation

300

(1)

Explaining Political Participation

301

(12)

Socioeconomic Status

302

(1)

Civic Engagement

302

(4)

Formal Obstacles

306

(4)

Political Mobilization

310

(3)

Participation and American Political Values

313

(1)

What You Can Do: Become a Voter

314

(2)

Summary

316

(1)

For Further Reading

316

(1)

Study Outline

317

(1)

Practice Quiz

317

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

318

(1)

Key Terms

318

(2)

Political Parties

320

(44)

What Are Political Parties?

322

(2)

Outgrowths of the Electoral Process

323

(1)

Outgrowths of the Policy-Making Process

323

(1)

The Two-Party System in America

324

(13)

Historical Origins

324

(7)

Electoral Alignments and Realignments

331

(2)

American Third Parties

333

(4)

Party Organization

337

(8)

National Convention

337

(4)

National Committee

341

(3)

Congressional Campaign Committees

344

(1)

State and Local Party Organizations

344

(1)

Parties and the Electorate

345

(3)

Group Affiliations

345

(3)

Parties and Elections

348

(3)

Recruiting Candidates

348

(2)

Nominations

350

(1)

Getting Out the Vote

350

(1)

Facilitating Voter Choice

351

(1)

Parties and Government

351

(3)

Parties and Policy

351

(1)

Parties in Congress

352

(1)

President and Party

353

(1)

The Role of Parties in a Democracy

354

(4)

What You Can Do: Become a Party Activist

358

(1)

Summary

359

(1)

For Further Reading

360

(1)

Study Outline

360

(1)

Practice Quiz

361

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

362

(1)

Key Terms

362

(2)

Campaigns and Elections

364

(50)

Elections in America

367

(10)

Types of Elections

367

(1)

The Criteria for Winning

368

(2)

Electoral Districts

370

(2)

The Ballot

372

(4)

The Electoral College

376

(1)

Election Campaigns

377

(4)

Advisers

378

(1)

Polling

379

(1)

The Primaries

380

(1)

Presidential Elections

381

(10)

The Convention

383

(3)

The General Election Campaign and High-Tech Politics

386

(4)

From Labor-Intensive to Capital-Intensive Politics

390

(1)

The 2000 Elections

391

(7)

The 2002 Elections: A Referendum on Presidential Leadership

396

(2)

Money and Politics

398

(7)

Sources of Campaign Funds

399

(4)

Campaign Finance Reform

403

(1)

Implications for Democracy

404

(1)

The Electoral Process and American Political Values

405

(1)

How Voters Decide

405

(4)

Partisan Loyalty

405

(1)

Issues

406

(2)

Candidate Characteristics

408

(1)

What You Can Do: Campaign on Campus

409

(1)

Summary

410

(1)

For Further Reading

411

(1)

Study Outline

411

(1)

Practice Quiz

412

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

413

(1)

Key Terms

413

(1)

Groups and Interests

414

(40)

The Character of Interest Groups

417

(8)

What Interests Are Represented?

419

(1)

What Interests Are Not Represented?

420

(1)

Organizational Components

420

(4)

The Characteristics of Members

424

(1)

The Proliferation of Groups

425

(3)

The Expansion of Government

426

(1)

The New Politics Movement and Public Interest Groups

427

(1)

Strategies: The Quest for Political Power

428

(14)

Lobbying

428

(3)

Gaining Access

431

(4)

Using the Courts (Litigation)

435

(1)

Going Public

436

(2)

Using Electoral Politics

438

(4)

Groups and Interests: Who Benefits?

442

(2)

What You Can Do: Join an Interest Group

444

(5)

Summary

449

(1)

For Further Reading

450

(1)

Study Outline

450

(1)

Practice Quiz

451

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

451

(1)

Key Terms

452

(2)

Part III INSTITUTIONS

Congress

454

(52)

Congress: Representing the American People

458

(11)

House and Senate: Differences in Representation

458

(1)

Sociological vs. Agency Representation

459

(4)

The Electoral Connection

463

(4)

Direct Patronage

467

(2)

The Organization of Congress

469

(7)

Party Leadership in the House and Senate

469

(3)

The Committee System: The Core of Congress

472

(2)

The Staff System: Staffers and Agencies

474

(2)

Informal Organization: The Caucuses

476

(1)

Rules of Lawmaking: How a Bill Becomes a Law

476

(4)

Committee Deliberation

476

(2)

Debate

478

(1)

Conference Committee: Reconciling House and Senate Versions of Legislation

479

(1)

Presidential Action

480

(1)

How Congress Decides

480

(11)

Constituency

480

(3)

Interest Groups

483

(1)

Party Discipline

484

(7)

Weighing Diverse Influences

491

(1)

Beyond Legislation: Other Congressional Powers

491

(3)

Oversight

491

(1)

Advice and Consent: Special Senate Powers

492

(2)

Impeachment

494

(1)

Congress and Democracy

494

(5)

What You Can Do: Make Contact with Congress

499

(1)

Summary

500

(1)

For Further Reading

501

(1)

Study Outline

502

(1)

Practice Quiz

503

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

504

(1)

Key Terms

504

(2)

The Presidency

506

(40)

The Constitutional Basis of the Presidency

509

(3)

The Framers' View

509

(1)

Congressional Delegation of Power

510

(1)

Presidential Selection

511

(1)

The Constitutional Powers of the Presidency

512

(11)

The President as Head of State: Some Imperial Qualities

512

(5)

The Domestic Presidency: The President as Head of Government

517

(6)

Institutional Resources of Presidential Power

523

(7)

Patronage as a Tool of Management

523

(2)

The Cabinet

525

(1)

The White House Staff

526

(1)

The Executive Office of the President

527

(1)

The Vice Presidency

528

(1)

The First Lady

529

(1)

Political Resources of Presidential Power

530

(8)

Elections as a Resource

531

(1)

Party as a Presidential Resource

531

(2)

Groups as a Presidential Resource

533

(1)

Presidential Use of the Media

533

(2)

Public Opinion

535

(1)

Mass Popularity as a Resource (and a Liability)

535

(3)

The Presidency and Democracy

538

(2)

A Presidential Constituency: Citizens and the President

538

(2)

What You Can Do: Work in the White House

540

(1)

Summary

541

(1)

For Further Reading

542

(1)

Study Outline

542

(1)

Practice Quiz

543

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

543

(1)

Key Terms

544

(2)

Bureaucracy in a Democracy

546

(46)

Bureaucracy and Bureaucrats

549

(6)

The Size of the Federal Service

550

(3)

Bureaucrats

553

(2)

The Organization of the Executive Branch

555

(20)

Promoting the Public Welfare

557

(5)

Providing National Security

562

(11)

Maintaining a Strong Economy

573

(2)

Can Bureaucracy Be Reinvented?

575

(2)

Can the Bureaucracy Be Reduced?

577

(4)

Termination

577

(2)

Devolution

579

(1)

Privatization

580

(1)

Can Bureaucracy Be Controlled?

581

(6)

The President as Chief Executive

581

(4)

Congress and Responsible Bureaucracy

585

(2)

What You Can Do: Get Inside the Bureaucracy

587

(1)

Summary

588

(1)

For Further Reading

588

(1)

Study Outline

589

(1)

Practice Quiz

589

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

590

(1)

Key Terms

590

(2)

The Federal Courts

592

(44)

The Legal System

594

(4)

Cases and the Law

595

(1)

Types of Courts

596

(2)

Federal Jurisdiction

598

(6)

The Lower Federal Courts

598

(1)

The Appellate Courts

599

(1)

The Supreme Court

599

(1)

How Judges Are Appointed

600

(4)

The Power of the Supreme Court: Judicial Review

604

(21)

Judicial Review of Acts of Congress

604

(1)

Judicial Review of State Actions

605

(2)

Judicial Review and Lawmaking

607

(3)

How Cases Reach the Supreme Court

610

(2)

Controlling the Flow of Cases

612

(2)

Lobbying for Access: Interests and the Court

614

(1)

The Supreme Court's Procedures

615

(4)

Explaining Supreme Court Decisions

619

(6)

Judicial Power and Politics

625

(4)

Traditional Limitations on the Federal Courts

625

(1)

Two Judicial Revolutions

626

(2)

The Judiciary: Liberty and Democracy

628

(1)

What You Can Do: File Amicus Curiae Briefs

629

(1)

Summary

630

(1)

For Further Reading

631

(1)

Study Outline

632

(1)

Practice Quiz

633

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

633

(1)

Key Terms

634

(2)

Part IV POLICY

Government and the Economy

636

(48)

Why Is Government Involved in the Economy?

639

(5)

Managing the Economy

640

(1)

Protecting the Welfare and Property of Individuals

641

(1)

Regulating Competition

641

(3)

Providing Public Goods

644

(1)

Should Government Be Involved in the Economy?

644

(3)

Laissez-Faire

645

(1)

Keynesians

645

(1)

Monetarists

646

(1)

What Are the Goals of Economic Policy?

647

(11)

Promote a Strong and Stable Economy

647

(4)

Promote Business Development

651

(2)

Promote International Trade

653

(2)

Regulate Industrial Relations

655

(1)

Protect the Environment

656

(1)

Protect Consumers

657

(1)

What Are the Tools of Economic Policy?

658

(15)

Monetary Policies

659

(2)

Fiscal Policies

661

(5)

Regulation and Antitrust Policy

666

(6)

Subsidies and Contracting

672

(1)

The Politics of Economic Policy Making

673

(4)

Economic Policy and the Public Interest

675

(2)

What You Can Do: Assess the Impact of Economic Policies

677

(1)

Summary

678

(1)

For Further Reading

679

(1)

Study Outline

680

(1)

Practice Quiz

681

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

682

(1)

Key Terms

682

(2)

Social Policy

684

(40)

The Welfare State

687

(12)

The History of the Social Welfare System

687

(2)

Foundations of the Welfare State

689

(5)

Welfare Reform

694

(2)

How Do We Pay for the Welfare State?

696

(3)

Opening Opportunity

699

(10)

Education Policies

699

(4)

Employment and Training Programs

703

(3)

Health Policies

706

(3)

Housing Policies

709

(1)

Who Gets What from Social Policy?

709

(7)

The Elderly

710

(1)

The Middle Class

711

(1)

The Working Poor

711

(2)

The Nonworking Poor

713

(1)

Minorities, Women, and Children

714

(2)

The Welfare State and American Values

716

(3)

What You Can Do: Question Social Policy

719

(1)

Summary

720

(1)

For Further Reading

721

(1)

Study Outline

721

(1)

Practice Quiz

722

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

723

(1)

Key Terms

723

(1)

Foreign Policy and Democracy

724

The Players: The Makers and Shapers of Foreign Policy

727

(7)

Who Makes Foreign Policy?

727

(5)

Who Shapes Foreign Policy?

732

(2)

Putting It Together

734

(1)

The Values in American Foreign Policy

734

(4)

Legacies of the Traditional System

735

(2)

The Great Leap to World Power

737

(1)

The Instruments of Modern American Foreign Policy

738

(17)

Diplomacy

739

(2)

The United Nations

741

(3)

The International Monetary Structure

744

(1)

Economic Aid

745

(2)

Collective Security

747

(2)

Military Deterrence

749

(6)

Roles Nations Play

755

(9)

Choosing a Role

755

(1)

Foreign Policy Values for America Today

756

(8)

What You Can Do: Voice Your Views to Congress

764

(1)

Summary

765

(2)

For Further Reading

767

(1)

Study Outline

767

(1)

Practice Quiz

768

(1)

Critical Thinking Questions

768

(1)

Key Terms

769

APPENDIX

(28)

The Declaration of Independence

(3)

The Articles of Confederation

(4)

The Constitution of the United States of America

(6)

Amendments to the Constitution

(5)

The Federalist Papers

(5)

Presidents and Vice Presidents

(3)

Glossary

(12)

Endnotes

(20)

Illustration Credits

(1)

Answer Key

(2)

Index

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