Who Are We? : The Challenges to America's

In his seminal work The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Samuel Huntington argued provocatively and presciently that with the end of the cold war, "civilizations" were replacing ideologies as the new fault lines in international politics. His astute analysis has proven correct.

Samuel P. Huntington is the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard and chairman of the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies. He is the author or editor of a dozen other books.

Foreword

xv

PART I THE ISSUES OF IDENTITY

Chapter 1. The Crisis of National Identity

3

(18)

Salience: Are the Flags Still There?

3

(5)

Substance: Who Are We?

8

(4)

The Global Identity Crisis

12

(5)

Prospects for American Identity

17

(4)

Chapter 2. Identities: National and Other

21

(16)

The Concept of Identity

21

(3)

Others and Enemies

24

(3)

Sources of Identity

27

(1)

The False Dichotomy

28

(9)

PART II AMERICAN IDENTITY

Chapter 3. Components of American Identity

37

(22)

Change, Continuity, and Partial Truths

37

(1)

Settlers Before Immigrants

38

(8)

More Than the Creed

46

(3)

"No Attachment to Place"

49

(4)

Race and Ethnicity

53

(6)

Chapter 4. Anglo-Protestant Culture

59

(22)

The Cultural Core

59

(3)

"The Dissidence of Dissent"

62

(4)

The American Creed

66

(3)

Individualism and the Work Ethic

69

(6)

Moralism and the Reform Ethic

75

(6)

Chapter 5. Religion and Christianity

81

(26)

God, the Cross, and America

81

(2)

A Religious People

83

(9)

Protestant America and Catholicism

92

(11)

A Christian People 98 Civil Religion

103

(4)

Chapter 6. Emergence, Triumph, Erosion

107

(34)

The Fragility of Nations

107

(2)

Creating an American Identity

109

(4)

National vs. Other Identities

113

(6)

Nation and Patriotism Triumphant

119

(18)

Fading Nationalism

137

(4)

PART III CHALLENGES TO AMERICAN IDENTITY

Chapter 7. Deconstructing America: The Rise of Subnational Identities

141

(37)

The Deconstructionist Movement

141

(5)

The Challenge to the Creed

146

(12)

The Challenge to English

158

(13)

The Challenge to the Core Culture

171

(7)

Chapter 8. Assimilation: Converts,

Ampersands, and the Erosion of Citizenship

178

(1)

Immigration With or Without Assimilation

178

(4)

Assimilation: Still a Success?

182

(2)

Sources of Assimilation

184

(1)

The Immigrants

185

(7)

The Immigration Process

192

(7)

American Society: Americanization Is Un-American

199

(5)

Ampersands and Dual Citizenship

204

(10)

Citizens and Noncitizens

214

(6)

Alternatives to Americanization

220

(1)

Chapter 9. Mexican Immigration and Hispanization

221

(36)

The Mexican/Hispanic Challenge

221

(1)

Why Mexican Immigration Differs

222

(8)

How Mexican Assimilation Lags

230

(14)

Individual Assimilation and Enclave Consolidation

244

(3)

The Hispanization of Miami

247

(4)

The Hispanization of the Southwest

251

(6)

Chapter 10. Merging America with the World

257

(38)

The Changing Environment

257

(1)

The Search for an Enemy

258

(6)

Dead Souls: The Denationalization of Elites

264

(9)

The Patriotic Public

273

(3)

Diasporas, Foreign Governments, and American Politics

276

(19)

PART IV RENEWING AMERICAN IDENTITY

Chapter 11. Fault Lines Old and New

295

(41)

The Shaping Trends

295

(1)

The Ending of Ethnicity

296

(7)

Race: Constant, Blurring, Fading

303

(6)

White Nativism

309

(7)

Bifurcation: Two Languages and Two Cultures?

316

(8)

Unrepresentative Democracy: Elites vs. the Public

324

(12)

Chapter 12. Twenty-first Century America: Vulnerability, Religion, and National Identity

336

(31)

The Creed in an Age of Vulnerability

336

(4)

Americans Turn to Religion

340

(15)

The Global Resurgence of Religion

355

(2)

Militant Islam vs. America

357

(5)

America in the World: Cosmopolitan, Imperial, and/or National?

362

(5)

Notes

367

(44)

Index

411

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Who Are We? : The Challenges to America's National Identity

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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