Wilde's WWW : Technical Foundations of the

The World Wide Web is undoubtedly the development of the decade in the media world. Since its beginnings in 1990, the WWW has evolved from a rather simple model of resource names (URL), a transfer protocol (HTTP), and a language for the description of interconnected information pages (HTML), to a far more complex infrastructure. This book gives a thorough technical description of all relevant WWW developments up to the time of writing, including the latest versions of the transfer protocol (HTTP/1.1) and description language (HTML 4.0), the foundations of the description language (SGML and its upcoming variant XML), style sheets (CSS1), server issues (SSL, CGI, and Apache as an example of a Web server), and some issues that will be of increasing importance in future (MathML, VRML, PNG).

Foreword

v

(2)

Preface

vii

(6)

Contents

xiii

Introduction

1

(6)

1. Fundamentals

7

(28)

1.1 Document models

7

(5)

1.2 Web history

12

(4)

1.3 Terminology

16

(2)

1.4 The Internet

18

(17)

Part I. Basics

35

(230)

2. Universal Resource Identifier (URI)

35

(18)

2.1 The need for resource identification

35

(7)

2.2 URI syntax

42

(2)

2.3 URI semantics

44

(6)

2.4 The future of URI

50

(3)

3. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

53

(84)

3.1 History

54

(4)

3.2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol 1.1 (HTTP/1.1)

58

(58)

3.3 Security

116

(6)

3.4 Cookies

122

(4)

3.5 Usage of HTTP

126

(2)

3.6 Non-standard HTTP extensions

128

(2)

3.7 The future of HTTP

130

(7)

4. Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

137

(36)

4.1 SGML concepts

138

(12)

4.2 The SGML standard

150

(17)

4.3 Usage of SGML

167

(4)

4.4 The future of SGML

171

(2)

5. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

173

(92)

5.1 History

174

(3)

5.2 Hypertext Markup Language 4.0 (HTML 4.0)

177

(77)

5.3 Publishing with HTML

254

(5)

5.4 Usage of HTML

259

(2)

5.5 The future of HTML

261

(4)

Part II. Advanced

265

(200)

6. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

265

(60)

6.1 Principles of CSS

265

(4)

6.2 History

269

(1)

6.3 Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 (CSS1)

270

(48)

6.4 Related approaches

318

(1)

6.5 Converting to CSS

319

(1)

6.6 The future of CSS

320

(1)

7. Extensible Markup Language (XML)

325

(50)

7.1 Principles of XML

326

(12)

7.2 Extensible Markup Language 1.0 (XML 1.0)

338

(3)

7.3 XML Linking Language (XLink)

341

(13)

7.4 XML Pointer Language (XPointer)

354

(10)

7.5 Extensible Style Language (XSL)

364

(5)

7.6 XML and other markup languages

369

(3)

7.7 The future of XML

372

(3)

8. Scripting and Programming

375

(12)

8.1 Scripting languages

375

(3)

8.2 Programming languages

378

(3)

8.3 Distributed programming

381

(6)

9. HTTP Servers

387

(34)

9.1 Server performance

388

(1)

9.2 Server configuration

389

(14)

9.3 The Apache HTTP server

403

(8)

9.4 Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

411

(10)

10. Miscellaneous

421

(28)

10.1 Server-side technologies

421

(2)

10.2 Browsers

423

(5)

10.3 Search engines

428

(2)

10.4 New content types

430

(7)

10.5 New architectural components

437

(12)

11. Related Technology

449

(16)

11.1 Electronic mail

450

(6)

11.2 Directory services

456

(4)

11.3 Usenet news

460

(5)

Part III. Appendices

465

(36)

A. HTTP/1.1 Definitions

465

(6)

A.1 Messages

465

(2)

A.2 Status codes

467

(2)

A.3 Warn codes

469

(2)

B. HTML 4.0 Definitions

471

(20)

B.1 SGML declaration

471

(2)

B.2 DTD Entities

473

(12)

B.3 HTML 4.0 table DTD

485

(2)

B.4 HTML 4.0 form DTD

487

(4)

C. XML 1.0 Definitions

491

(10)

C.1 SGML declaration

491

(4)

C.2 XML DTD for SMIL

495

(6)

References

501

(14)

Glossary

515

(62)

Index

577

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Wilde's WWW : Technical Foundations of the World Wide Web

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Table of Contents

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