Wiley Pathways Project Management
, by Portny, Stanley E.; Mantel, Samuel J.; Meredith, Jack R.; Shafer, Scott M.; Sutton, Margaret M.; Kramer, Brian E.- ISBN: 9780470111246 | 0470111240
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 3/9/2007
Stanley Portny, PMP, president of Stanley E. Portny and Associates, LLC, is an internationally recognized expert in project management and project leadership. During the past 28 years, he has provided training and consultation to more than 100 public and private organizations in the fields of finance, consumer products, insurance, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, information technology, defense, and health care. He has developed and conducted training programs for over 25,000 management and staff personnel in engineering, sales and marketing, research and development, information systems, manufacturing, operations, and support areas.
Defining Project Management Today | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 2 |
Understanding Project Management | p. 2 |
Defining Projects | p. 2 |
Defining Project Management | p. 3 |
Why Projects and Project Management? | p. 4 |
Self-Check | p. 4 |
Defining Project Success | p. 5 |
Meeting Specifications | p. 6 |
Factoring in Uncertainty | p. 6 |
Self-Check | p. 7 |
Comparing Project Management and General Management | p. 7 |
Self-Check | p. 9 |
Defining Project Roles | p. 9 |
Considering the Project Manager's Role | p. 10 |
Considering the Functional Manager's Role | p. 11 |
Considering the Functional Employees Role | p. 11 |
Considering the Role of Executives and Upper Management | p. 12 |
Self-Check | p. 13 |
The Project Manager as a Planning Agent | p. 14 |
Self-Check | p. 14 |
Identifying Project Champions | p. 15 |
Self-Check | p. 16 |
Meeting the Demands of Project Management | p. 16 |
Self-Check | p. 18 |
Classifying Projects | p. 19 |
Self-Check | p. 20 |
Managing Projects Off-site and On-site | p. 20 |
Self-Check | p. 20 |
Summary | p. 22 |
Key Terms | p. 22 |
Summary Questions | p. 24 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 24 |
You Try It | p. 26 |
Case Study | p. 27 |
Identifying Project Needs and Solutions | p. 29 |
Introduction | p. 30 |
Defining Projects | p. 30 |
Identifying Project Needs | p. 31 |
Confirming That a Project Addresses Identified Needs | p. 31 |
Determining How Important a Project Is to an Organization | p. 32 |
Self-Check | p. 33 |
Laying the Groundwork for Project Work | p. 34 |
Considering Project Strategy | p. 34 |
Establishing Project Objectives | p. 34 |
Self-Check | p. 37 |
Defining Project Boundaries | p. 37 |
Identifying Limitations | p. 37 |
Determining Project Limitations | p. 39 |
Incorporating Limitations into a Project Plan | p. 40 |
Self-Check | p. 40 |
Dealing with Unknowns | p. 41 |
Self-Check | p. 42 |
Developing a Statement of Work | p. 42 |
Identifying Components of Statements of Work | p. 43 |
Developing a Statement of Work | p. 44 |
Comparing Statements of Work to Other Project Documents | p. 45 |
Self-Check | p. 46 |
Using Software to Manage a Project | p. 47 |
Using Computer Software Effectively | p. 47 |
Choosing Software | p. 48 |
Self-Check | p. 51 |
Summary | p. 51 |
Key Terms | p. 51 |
Summary Questions | p. 54 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 54 |
You Try It | p. 56 |
Case Study | p. 57 |
Organizing Projects | p. 59 |
Introduction | p. 60 |
Exploring Traditional Project Organization Structures | p. 60 |
Working within Centrally Organized Structures | p. 60 |
Working within Functionally Organized Structures | p. 63 |
Self-Check | p. 65 |
Choosing Matrix Organization | p. 65 |
Self-Check | p. 68 |
Mixed Organizational Systems | p. 69 |
Self-Check | p. 70 |
Summary | p. 70 |
Key Terms | p. 71 |
Summary Questions | p. 72 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 72 |
You Try It | p. 73 |
Case Study | p. 74 |
Planning Projects | p. 75 |
Introduction | p. 76 |
Planning a Project Based on Life Cycle Phases | p. 76 |
The Conceive Phase: Starting with an Idea | p. 77 |
The Define Phase: Establishing the Plan | p. 78 |
The Start Phase: Getting Ready, Getting Set | p. 79 |
The Perform Phase: Go! | p. 80 |
The Close Phase: Stop! | p. 80 |
Appreciating Differences in Project Life Cycles | p. 80 |
Self-Check | p. 82 |
Filling Participants' Roles | p. 82 |
Confirming Team Members' Participation | p. 83 |
Drawing up Work-Order Agreements | p. 83 |
Assuring That Others Are on Board | p. 84 |
Recruiting People to Fill Project Positions | p. 85 |
Self-Check | p. 86 |
Using Work Breakdown Structures | p. 86 |
Thinking Hierarchically with Work Breakdown Structures | p. 86 |
Incorporating Conditional Activities in Work Breakdown Structures | p. 88 |
Including Activities with No Obvious Break Points | p. 90 |
Planning Long-Term Projects | p. 90 |
Developing Work Breakdown Structures | p. 91 |
Self-Check | p. 92 |
Displaying Work Breakdown Structures | p. 93 |
The Organizational-Chart Format | p. 93 |
The Indented-Outline Format | p. 93 |
The Bubble-Chart Format | p. 94 |
Self Check | p. 95 |
Illustrating Work Relationships with Linear Responsibility Charts | p. 95 |
Assigning Responsibilities | p. 96 |
Reading Linear Responsibility Charts | p. 96 |
Developing Linear Responsibility Charts | p. 98 |
Improving the Quality of Charts | p. 99 |
Self-Check | p. 100 |
Working with Multidisciplinary Teams | p. 101 |
Using Concurrent Engineering | p. 101 |
Interface Coordination and Integration Management | p. 103 |
Self-Check | p. 103 |
Examining Why Plans and Projects Fail | p. 104 |
Anticipating Common Mistakes | p. 104 |
Responding to Reality | p. 106 |
Detecting Potential Pitfalls Early | p. 106 |
Self-Check | p. 108 |
Summary | p. 108 |
Key Terms | p. 109 |
Summary Questions | p. 111 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 112 |
You Try It | p. 114 |
Case Study | p. 115 |
Budgeting Projects | p. 117 |
Introduction | p. 118 |
Examining Methods of Budgeting | p. 118 |
Understanding the Challenges of Project Budgets | p. 119 |
Focusing on Cost per Unit | p. 120 |
Top-Down Budgeting | p. 122 |
Bottom-Up Budgeting | p. 123 |
Self-Check | p. 124 |
Cost Estimating | p. 124 |
Identifying Different Types of Project Costs | p. 125 |
Developing Project Budgets | p. 126 |
Developing Project Costs | p. 127 |
Reviewing Budget Estimates | p. 129 |
Self-Check | p. 131 |
Improving Cost Estimates | p. 132 |
Using Forms | p. 132 |
Using Learning Curves | p. 134 |
Using Tracking Signals | p. 134 |
Considering Other Factors | p. 134 |
Self-Check | p. 137 |
Dealing with Budget Uncertainty | p. 137 |
Re-estimating Project Budgets | p. 138 |
Identifying Causes for Change | p. 138 |
Responding to Changes | p. 140 |
Revising Budgets | p. 141 |
Self-Check | p. 141 |
Summary | p. 142 |
Key Terms | p. 142 |
Summary Questions | p. 144 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 144 |
You Try It | p. 146 |
Case Study | p. 147 |
Establishing Project Schedules | p. 148 |
Introduction | p. 149 |
Exploring Schedule Possibilities with Diagrams | p. 149 |
Drawing Network Diagrams | p. 150 |
Considering Network Diagram Options | p. 151 |
Choosing Network Diagram Formats | p. 154 |
Self-Check | p. 154 |
Analyzing Network Diagrams | p. 154 |
Following Two Rules | p. 155 |
Determining Critical Paths, Noncritical Paths, and Earliest Start and Finish Dates | p. 157 |
Determining Slack Times and Earliest Start and Finish Dates | p. 158 |
Sequencing Activities on Diagrams | p. 161 |
Self-Check | p. 164 |
Using Network Diagram to Analyze a Simple Example | p. 165 |
Self-Check | p. 171 |
Developing Project Schedules | p. 171 |
Laying Down Initial Schedules | p. 171 |
Avoiding the Pitfall of Backing in to Schedules | p. 172 |
Meeting an Established Time Constraint | p. 172 |
Reducing the Required Time | p. 173 |
Self-Check | p. 179 |
Estimating Activity Duration | p. 179 |
Describing What Happens | p. 180 |
Considering Resource Characteristics | p. 181 |
Finding Sources of Supporting Information | p. 181 |
Improving Activity Span Time Estimates | p. 181 |
Self-Check | p. 182 |
Displaying Project Schedules | p. 183 |
Choosing Presentation Formats | p. 183 |
Displaying Project Schedules as Gantt Charts | p. 183 |
Precedence Diagramming | p. 189 |
Self-Check | p. 191 |
Summary | p. 191 |
Key Terms | p. 192 |
Summary Questions | p. 195 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 195 |
You Try It | p. 199 |
Case Study | p. 200 |
Estimating and Allocating Resources | p. 201 |
Introduction | p. 202 |
Estimating Who, How Much, and When | p. 202 |
Planning Personnel Needs | p. 203 |
Describing People's Skills and Knowledge | p. 203 |
Self-Check | p. 207 |
Estimating Needed Commitment | p. 207 |
Describing Needed Personnel | p. 208 |
Estimating Required Work Effort | p. 209 |
Factoring in Productivity, Efficiency, and Availability | p. 210 |
Supporting Estimates with Historical Data and Experience | p. 211 |
Improving Work Effort Estimates | p. 214 |
Juggling Multiple Commitments | p. 216 |
Preparing an Initial Commitment Analysis | p. 216 |
Resolving Potential Resource Overloads | p. 218 |
Coordinating Assignments Across Multiple Projects | p. 221 |
Working in Everything Else | p. 222 |
Resource Loading and Leveling | p. 224 |
Loading Resources | p. 224 |
Leveling Resources | p. 228 |
Allocating Scarce Resources | p. 235 |
Establishing Priorities | p. 235 |
Allocating Scarce Resources to Several Projects | p. 237 |
Self-Check | p. 240 |
Summary | p. 240 |
Key Terms | p. 241 |
Summary Questions | p. 243 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 243 |
You Try It | p. 245 |
Case Study | p. 246 |
Being an Effective Project Manager | p. 247 |
Introduction | p. 248 |
Selecting a Project Manager | p. 248 |
Self-Check | p. 252 |
Leading in a Project Environment | p. 252 |
Practicing Both Management and Leadership | p. 252 |
Developing Personal Power and Influence | p. 253 |
Establishing Bases of Power | p. 255 |
Self-Check | p. 256 |
Holding Others Accountable to Projects | p. 256 |
Involving People Who Really have Authority | p. 257 |
Getting the Desired Results | p. 257 |
Monitoring Others' Work | p. 258 |
Self-Check | p. 259 |
Handling Employee-Manager Problems | p. 260 |
The Reasons Behind Micromanagement | p. 260 |
Helping Micromanagers Gain Confidence | p. 261 |
Working with a Micromanager | p. 262 |
Self-Check | p. 262 |
Handling and Avoiding Project Management Pitfalls | p. 263 |
Determining How and Why Projects Get Off Track | p. 263 |
Reaffirming Project Details | p. 263 |
Introducing New Project Plan Elements | p. 264 |
Self-Check | p. 265 |
Summary | p. 266 |
Key Terms | p. 266 |
Summary Questions | p. 267 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 267 |
You Try It | p. 269 |
Case Study | p. 270 |
Involving the Right People in Projects | p. 271 |
Introduction | p. 272 |
Knowing and Engaging a Project's Audience | p. 272 |
Engaging a Project's Audience | p. 272 |
Using Categories to Create an Audience List | p. 273 |
Ensuring that Audience Lists Are Complete and Useful | p. 275 |
Developing an Audience List Template | p. 277 |
Self-Check | p. 278 |
Identifying Drivers, Supporters, and Observers | p. 280 |
Deciding When and How to Involve Drivers, Supporters, and Observers | p. 280 |
Using Different Methods to Involve Drivers, Supporters, and Observers | p. 282 |
Self-Check | p. 282 |
Involving People with Authority in Projects | p. 283 |
Self-Check | p. 285 |
Summary | p. 285 |
Key Terms | p. 285 |
Summary Questions | p. 287 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 287 |
You Try It | p. 289 |
Case Study | p. 290 |
Managing Project Teams | p. 292 |
Introduction | p. 293 |
Defining Team Roles and Responsibilities | p. 293 |
Agreeing to Three Team Concepts | p. 293 |
Assigning Project Roles Through Delegation | p. 295 |
Delegating with Confidence | p. 297 |
Sharing Responsibility | p. 298 |
Holding People Accountable When They Don't Report to You | p. 298 |
Self-Check | p. 301 |
Establishing New Project Teams | p. 301 |
Developing Team and Individual Project Goals | p. 302 |
Defining Team Member Roles | p. 303 |
Defining a Team's Operating Processes | p. 303 |
Supporting the Development of Team Member Relationships | p. 304 |
Helping Teams Become Smooth-Functioning Units | p. 304 |
Self-Check | p. 306 |
Motivating and Sustaining Project Team | p. 306 |
Clarifying Project Benefits | p. 307 |
Demonstrating Feasibility | p. 308 |
Reporting and Rewarding Progress | p. 308 |
Self-Check | p. 310 |
Summary | p. 310 |
Key Terms | p. 310 |
Summary Questions | p. 312 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 312 |
You Try It | p. 314 |
Case Study | p. 315 |
Tracking Progress and Maintaining Control | p. 316 |
Introduction | p. 317 |
Understanding the Plan-Monitor-Control Cycle | p. 317 |
Making Time for Planning, Monitoring, and Controlling | p. 317 |
Monitoring Projects | p. 318 |
Controlling Projects | p. 320 |
Self-Check | p. 321 |
Collecting, Analyzing, and Reporting Data | p. 321 |
Data Collecting | p. 322 |
Data Analysis | p. 323 |
Reporting | p. 324 |
Self-Check | p. 326 |
Performing Earned Value Analysis | p. 327 |
Defining the Key Elements of Earned Value Analysis | p. 327 |
Considering an Example | p. 330 |
Determining the Reasons for Observed Variances | p. 331 |
Calculating Budgeted Cost of Work Performed | p. 332 |
Self-Check | p. 334 |
Designing Monitoring and Control Systems | p. 334 |
Monitoring Schedule Performance | p. 335 |
Monitoring Work-Effort Expended | p. 338 |
Monitoring Expenditures | p. 341 |
Developing Comprehensive Monitoring and Control Procedures | p. 342 |
Identifying Possible Causes of Delays and Variances | p. 343 |
Identifying Possible Corrective Actions | p. 344 |
Self-Check | p. 345 |
Responding to Scope Creep and Change Control | p. 346 |
Self-Check | p. 348 |
Summary | p. 348 |
Key Terms | p. 348 |
Summary Questions | p. 351 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 352 |
You Try It | p. 354 |
Case Study | p. 355 |
Communicating and Documenting Project Progress | p. 356 |
Introduction | p. 357 |
Forms of Communication | p. 357 |
Choosing the Best Communication Approach | p. 357 |
Sharing Information in Writing | p. 358 |
Sharing Information Through Meetings | p. 359 |
Self-Check | p. 361 |
Preparing Progress Reports | p. 361 |
Self-Check | p. 364 |
Holding Key Project Meetings | p. 364 |
Regularly Scheduled Team Meetings | p. 365 |
Ad Hoc Team Meetings | p. 366 |
Upper-Management Progress Reviews | p. 366 |
Self-Check | p. 367 |
Summary | p. 367 |
Key Terms | p. 367 |
Summary Questions | p. 369 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 369 |
You Try It | p. 371 |
Case Study | p. 372 |
Managing Risk | p. 376 |
Introduction | p. 377 |
Understanding Risk and Risk Management | p. 377 |
Defining Risk and Risk Management | p. 377 |
Choosing the Risks to be Managed | p. 378 |
Developing a Risk Management Process | p. 379 |
Communicating About Risks | p. 380 |
Self-Check | p. 381 |
Identifying Risks | p. 382 |
Recognizing Risk Factors | p. 382 |
Defining Risks | p. 387 |
Self-Check | p. 388 |
Assessing and Analyzing Risks | p. 388 |
Assessing the Likelihood of a Risk Occurring | p. 388 |
Assessing the Magnitude of the Consequences | p. 390 |
Self-Check | p. 392 |
Selecting the Appropriate Response Mechanism | p. 393 |
Creating Risks Management Plans | p. 393 |
Risk Monitoring and Control | p. 395 |
Self-Check | p. 396 |
Summary | p. 396 |
Key Terms | p. 396 |
Summary Questions | p. 398 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 398 |
You Try It | p. 400 |
Case Study | p. 401 |
Evaluating and Ending Projects | p. 403 |
Introduction | p. 404 |
Evaluating Projects | p. 404 |
Preparing for a Post project Evaluation | p. 404 |
Determining Evaluation Criteria | p. 406 |
Self-Check | p. 407 |
Project Auditing | p. 407 |
The Project Audit Process | p. 408 |
Participating in an Audit Report | p. 410 |
Self-Check | p. 413 |
Terminating Projects | p. 414 |
Deciding When to Terminate a Project | p. 414 |
Types of Project Termination | p. 414 |
The Termination Process | p. 415 |
Preparing the Project Final Report | p. 417 |
Self-Check | p. 418 |
Summary | p. 419 |
Key Terms | p. 419 |
Summary Questions | p. 420 |
Applying This Chapter | p. 420 |
You Try It | p. 421 |
Case Study | p. 422 |
Glossary | p. 424 |
Index | p. 440 |
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