Wisdom's Friends

Sharon Ringe sheds new light on a heretofore neglected aspect of the Fourth Gospel--friendship--and through it links the concepts of community and Wisdom Christology. This connection between Johannine ecclesiology and Christology, she writes, is critical to an in depth understanding the Fourth Gospel.

Preface

xi

Abbreviations

xiv

Wisdom and Friendship: Images of Christ and Church

1

(9)

Wisdom and Friendship---Christ and Community Intertwined

2

(3)

Presuppositions about Christology and Ecclesiology

5

(3)

Interdependent

5

(1)

Metaphorical

6

(1)

Plural

7

(1)

Contextual

8

(1)

Structure of This Study

8

(2)

Getting to Know the Johannine Community

10

(19)

Language

12

(1)

Location

13

(1)

Social Composition

14

(4)

Ethnicity

14

(2)

Gender

16

(2)

Economic Status

18

(1)

The Johannine Community and oi 'Iouδαioi

18

(5)

John and the Synoptic Gospels

23

(3)

Conclusion

26

(3)

The Roots of Wisdom

29

(17)

Wisdom in the Hebrew Bible: From Principle to Presence

31

(6)

Psalm 104 (LXX 103)

31

(1)

Job 28

32

(1)

Proverbs 1--9

33

(4)

Wisdom in the Deuterocanonical Literature: A Jewish Legacy in the Hellenistic World

37

(5)

Sirach

37

(2)

Baruch 3:9--4:4

39

(1)

Wisdom of Solomon

40

(2)

Circumscribed Wisdom in 1 Enoch, 2 Esdras, and Philo

42

(2)

1 Enoch 41:1--2; 2 Esdras 5:9b--10a

42

(1)

Philo

43

(1)

Conclusion

44

(2)

Wisdom Made Flesh

46

(18)

The Hymn to the Word

48

(5)

Structure and Literary Context

48

(1)

A Hymn to the Word: A Hymn to Jesus Christ

48

(1)

Strophes 1 and 2 (1:1--5): The Word ``In the Beginning''

49

(1)

The Witness of John (1:6--9)

50

(1)

Strophe 3 (1:10--12b): The Mixed Reception of the Word in the World

50

(1)

Those Who Become God's Children (1:12b--13)

51

(1)

Strophe 4 (1:14, 16, [15]): The λóγoζ Becomes Flesh

51

(1)

A Concluding Commentary on the Hymn (1:17--18)

52

(1)

The Hymn in the Rest of the Gospel

53

(4)

The Motif of the λóγoζ

53

(1)

Divine Presence and Divine Gifts

54

(1)

Acceptance and Rejection: Community Boundaries

55

(1)

Glory and Incarnation

55

(2)

Wisdom's Saving Presence

57

(4)

Encounters in Public Places

57

(1)

``Sent from Above''

58

(1)

Teacher of Wisdom's Way

59

(1)

Wisdom's Bounty

60

(1)

εγωεiμi

60

(1)

Conclusion

61

(3)

Appointed to Be Friends

64

(20)

Linguistic Evidence: &phis;iλεω&, &phis;iλoζ

65

(1)

Key Text: John 15:1--17

65

(4)

Friendship Interpreted: Evidence from Culture

69

(6)

Hellenistic Philosophy

69

(2)

Biblical Examples

71

(1)

Linguistic Evidence

71

(1)

Narratives of Friendship

72

(3)

Friendship Elaborated: Evidence in the Johannine Narrative

75

(7)

Friendship and Daily Life

75

(1)

A Ministry of Accompaniment

75

(1)

A Verb with Staying Power

76

(1)

Sharing Meals

76

(1)

Friendship and Times of Crisis

77

(1)

Caring in Sickness and Death

78

(1)

Friends and Families

79

(1)

The ``Good'' Shepherd

80

(1)

Shepherding the Community

81

(1)

Conclusion

82

(2)

The ``Other Paraclete'': The Story Continues

84

(9)

The Word παρακλητoζ in Its Literary Context in the Fourth Gospel

85

(1)

Detailed Analysis: The παρακλητoζ in the Christology and Ecclesiology of the Fourth Gospel

86

(6)

The First Paraclete Section: Love, Commandment, Presence (14:15--26)

86

(3)

Jesus' Leave-taking: Assurance for the Community (14:27--31)

89

(1)

Friendship and Accompaniment (15:1--17)

90

(1)

Jesus' Leave-taking from ``the World'' (15:18--25 [16:2--3])

90

(1)

The Second Paraclete Section: Testimony against ``the World'' (15:26--16:15)

90

(2)

Conclusion

92

(1)

Conclusions and Implications

93

(6)

Summary of This Study

93

(1)

Pastoral and Theological Implications

94

(5)

Notes

99

(18)

Index of Scripture and Other Ancient Literature

117

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