Wittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of Ai

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ISBN: 9780415097949 | 0415097940
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/5/1998

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In this lucid and meticulously researched book, Stuart Shanker discusses the theories expounded by Wittgenstein on the philosophy and psychology of cognitive science and the development of artificial intelligence.

Preface

(4)

Acknowledgements

xiii

(2)

List of abbreviations

1 Wittgenstein's response to Turing's Thesis

(33)

1 Turing's machines `are humans who calculate'

(5)

2 `Does a calculating machine calculate?'

(5)

3 Church's Convention

(3)

4 Godel's response to Turing's version of CT

(8)

5 The emergence of `machine intelligence'

(5)

6 `Mechanical rule-following' versus `Following a "mechanical rule"'

(7)

2 The behaviourist origins of AI

(29)

1 Turing's two questions

(5)

2 Turing's behaviourist ambitions

(6)

3 The continuum picture

(7)

4 Wittgenstein's discussion of `reading' vis-a-vis Turing's analysis of `calculation'

(11)

3 The resurgence of psychologism

(58)

1 AI and the rise of cognitive psychologism

(2)

2 Classical and cognitive psychologism

(8)

3 Psychologism as conceived by Kant

(9)

4 `Logic is a part, a branch, of psychology'

(5)

5 The laws of truth are `boundary stones set in an eternal foundation'

(8)

6 Logic constitutes what we understand by `thought'

(7)

7 Hilbert's protocol

102

(8)

8 What is inferring?

110

(11)

4 Models of discovery

121

(64)

1 Eureka!

121

(4)

2 The `cognitive unconscious'

125

(6)

3 The role of chess in the evolution of AI

131

(7)

4 GPS and the assault on `insight'

138

(8)

5 Converse responses to Kohler

146

(6)

6 The relevance of wittgenstein's remarks on Kohler for GPS

152

(10)

7 The Cartesian shift from theory to the ethereal

162

(5)

8 The nature of `sudden understanding'

167

(7)

9 The metaphor is the message

174

(11)

5 The nature of concepts

185

(65)

1 What are concepts and how are they acquired?

185

(5)

2 Piaget and AI

190

(6)

3 Wittgenstein's discovery'

196

(1)

4 `What we call "concept" comes into existence only by its incorporation in language'

197

(6)

5 `Seeing what is in common'

203

(6)

6 The cognitivist response to Wittgenstein's view of concepts

209

(6)

7 The `cognitive continuum'

215

(7)

8 The harmony between thought and language

222

(5)

9 Constraint theory

227

(10)

10 The `constitutional uncertainty of the mental'

237

(5)

11 The nature of concept-acquisition

242

(8)

Notes

250

(13)

Bibliography

263

(12)

Name index

275

(3)

Subject index

278

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Wittgenstein's Remarks on the Foundations of Ai

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