Women Working In The Environment: Resourceful Natures

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ISBN: 9781560326298 | 1560326298
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 9/1/1997

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Based on theoretical insights from ecofeminism, women and development, and postmodernism, and the convincing empirical work of numerous scholars, this book is organized around five aspects of gender relationships with the environment: Part I-gender divisions of labor, Part 2-property rights, Part 3-knowledge and strategies for sustainability, Part 4-environmental and social movements, and Part 5- policy alternatives. Examining women's relationship with the environment using these five dimensions provides concrete, material examples of how women work with, control, know, and affect the environment and natural resources.

Contributors

Chapter 1 Introduction: Connecting Women and the Environment

(14)

Carolyn E. Sachs

Ecofeminism

(2)

Women, Environment, and Development

(1)

Postmodern Shift

(2)

Five Aspects of Gender Relationships

(4)

References

(5)

Part One Gender Divisions of Labor in Agriculture, Mining, and Fishing Communities

(70)

Chapter 2 Women's Forest Work in Laos

(16)

Carol Ireson

Sources of Women's Influence

(2)

Background and Setting

(1)

Research Design and Procedures

(4)

Results

(4)

Notes

(1)

References

(2)

Epilogue

(2)

Chapter 3 The Underground Proving Ground: Women and Men in an Appalachian Coal Mine

(18)

Suzanne E. Tallichet

Introduction

(1)

The Labor Process of Underground Coal Mining

(2)

Women's Entry into the Male Culture of Mining

(1)

Theoretical Framework

(2)

Methodology

(1)

From Red Hat to Miner: Women's Adaptations to Mining

(8)

Conclusion

(1)

Notes

(1)

References

(2)

Chapter 4 Gender, Culture, and the Sea: Contemporary Theoretical Approaches

(16)

Dona Lee Davis

Jane Nadel-Klein

Introduction

(1)

Gender and Anthropology

(2)

Women on Land and Sea

(1)

Gender, Power, Production, and the State

(3)

Critiquing Gender

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

Notes

(1)

References

(3)

Epilogue

(3)

Chapter 5 Women's Status in Peasant-Level Fishing

(20)

James L. Norr

Kathleen F. Norr

Introduction

(1)

The Community

(1)

Women's Economic Activities

(2)

Family Life and Daily Activities

(1)

Leisure and Friends

(1)

Marriage and Kinship Networks

(1)

Women's Place: Behavioral Standards in the Fishing Village

(1)

Comparative Analysis

(4)

Discussion

(1)

Acknowledgments

(1)

Notes

(1)

References

(2)

Epilogue

(5)

Part Two Property Rights: Access to Land and Water

(72)

Chapter 6 Women and Irrigation in Highland Peru

(18)

Barbara Deutsch Lynch

Introduction

(2)

Women's Work and Structural Subordination

(1)

Women and Irrigation

(5)

Class, Integration, and Participation in Irrigated Tasks

(1)

Women and the Bureaucratic Transition in Highland Irrigation

(4)

Conclusions and Implications

(1)

Notes

(1)

References

(2)

Epilogue

101

(2)

Chapter 7 Rural Women and Irrigation: Patriarchy, Class, and the Modernizing State in South India

103

(24)

Priti Ramamurthy

Theoretical Considerations

103

(2)

The Research Context

105

(1)

Implications for Women of Irrigation as a State Intervention

106

(2)

Transformations in the Sexual Division of Labor, Workloads, and Control of the Labor Process

108

(7)

Conclusions and Implications for Development Policy

115

(2)

Acknowledgments

117

(1)

Notes

117

(1)

References

118

(3)

Epilogue

121

(6)

Chapter 8 Women as Rice Sharecroppers in Madagascar

127

(12)

Lucy Jarosz

Sharecropping and Resource Access

127

(1)

Rice Sharecropping in Alaotra, Madagascar

128

(2)

Women Who Sharecrop

130

(3)

Gender Differences

133

(2)

Conclusions

135

(1)

Notes

136

(1)

References

136

(2)

Epilogue

138

(1)

Chapter 9 Subsistence and the Single Woman Among the Amuesha of the Upper Amazon, Peru

139

(18)

Jan Salick

Introduction

139

(1)

Background

140

(1)

Methods

140

(2)

Results

142

(7)

Discussion

149

(2)

Notes

151

(1)

References

152

(5)

Part Three Women's Knowledge, Work, and Strategies for Sustainability

157

(58)

Chapter 10 Women and Livestock, Fodder, and Uncultivated Land in Pakistan

157

(20)

Carol Carpenter

Introduction

157

(1)

Women and Livestock Husbandry

158

(2)

Women and Fodder

160

(1)

Women and Uncultivated Land

161

(1)

Interdependence of Livestock Husbandry and Agriculture

162

(2)

Women and Livestock in Rainfed and Irrigated Farming Areas

164

(3)

Conclusions and Recommendations

167

(2)

Acknowledgments

169

(1)

Notes

169

(1)

References

170

(2)

Epilogue

172

(5)

Chapter 11 Gender, Seeds, and Biodiversity

177

(16)

Carolyn E. Sachs

Kishor Gajurel

Mariela Bianco

Biodiversity and Crop Diversity

178

(1)

Seed Saving and Gender

179

(1)

New Crop Varieties

180

(1)

New Crops

181

(1)

Seed Saving: Gene Banks or Farmer's Fields

182

(1)

Seed Saving in the United States

183

(4)

Seed Saving in Peru

187

(2)

Conclusion

189

(1)

Notes

190

(1)

References

190

(3)

Chapter 12 Women and Agroforestry: Four Myths and Three Case Studies

193

(22)

Louise Fortmann

Dianne Rocheleau

Introduction

193

(1)

Myths and Realities

193

(3)

The Case Studies

196

(9)

Lessons for the Future

205

(1)

Summary

206

(1)

References

207

(3)

Epilogue

210

(5)

Part Four The Gendering of Environmental and Social Movements

215

(52)

Chapter 13 Men, Women, and the Environment: An Examination of the Gender Gap in Environmental Concern and Activism

215

(26)

Paul Mohai

Introduction

215

(1)

Gender Differences in Environmental Concern

216

(2)

Gender Differences in Environmental Activism

218

(2)

Data and Method

220

(3)

Results

223

(7)

Discussion and Conclusions

230

(2)

References

232

(2)

Epilogue

234

(7)

Chapter 14 Making a Big Stink: Women's Work, Women's Relationships, and Toxic Waste Activism

241

(26)

Phil Brown

Faith I. T. Ferguson

Introduction

241

(3)

Experience, Knowledge, and Gender in Women's Toxic Waste Activism

244

(13)

Can Social Movement Theories Explain Women's Toxic Waste Activism?

257

(4)

Conclusion

261

(1)

References

262

(5)

Part Five Policy Alternatives

267

(42)

Chapter 15 Women and International Forestry Development

267

(10)

Augusta Molnar

Introduction

267

(1)

Ongoing Development Work on Women and Forestry

268

(1)

How Women Participate in Forestry

268

(2)

Forestry Projects and Women's Participation

270

(1)

Restricted Access to Productive Resources

270

(1)

Restrictions on Decision Making Outside the Household

271

(1)

Restrictions on Women's Participation in the Labor Market

272

(1)

Lack of Skills and Incentives for Foresters and Project Staff to Involve Women

273

(1)

Gaps in Knowledge about Women and Forestry

274

(1)

Conclusions

274

(1)

References

275

(2)

Chapter 16 Women and Community Forestry in Nepal: Expectations and Realities

277

(16)

Irene Tinker

Two Problematic Assumptions

278

(2)

Community Forestry in Nepal

280

(8)

Summation

288

(1)

Notes

288

(1)

References

289

(4)

Chapter 17 Integrating Gender Diverse and Interdisciplinary Professionals into Traditional U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Culture

293

(16)

James J. Kennedy

Introduction

293

(1)

Two Samples of Female and Male USFS Natural Resource Professionals

294

(1)

Becoming Committed to a Natural Resource Profession and to the USFS

295

(2)

Satisfaction with USFS Job and Career

297

(2)

Career Counseling and Mentoring

299

(2)

Conclusions

301

(2)

Acknowledgment

303

(1)

References

303

(2)

Epilogue

305

(4)

Index

309

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Women Working In The Environment: Resourceful Natures

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Supplemental Materials