Wood Adhesives: Chemistry and Technology---Volume 2

, by Pizzi; Antonio

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ISBN: 9780824780524 | 0824780523
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/31/1989

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PREFACE

iii

CONTRIBUTORS

1. PROTEIN ADHESIVES FOR WOOD

(30)

Alan L. Lambuth

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Soybean Adhesives

(11)

III. Blood Glues

(9)

IV. Casein Glues

(4)

V. Other Proteins

(1)

References

(4)

2. THE CHEMISTRY OF PVA

(44)

Kenneth R. Geddes

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Process Outline

(2)

III. Vinyl Acetate Monomer

(1)

IV. Internal Plasticization and Copolymerization

(3)

V. Water

(1)

VI. Initiators

(2)

VII. Surface-Active Agents

(3)

VIII. Colloids: Polyvinyl Alcohol

(1)

IX. Other Colloids

(1)

X. Buffers and pH Adjusters

(1)

XI. External Plasticizers, Coalescents, Tackifiers and Crosslinking Agents

(1)

XII. Fillers and Pigments

(1)

XIII. Fungicides and Preservatives

(1)

XIV. Polymerization Reactions and Kinetics

(4)

XV. Copolymerization Kinetics

(2)

XVI. Glass Transition Temperature of Copolymers

(1)

XVII. Emulsion Polymerization by the Batch Process in the Presence of Surfactant

(3)

XVIII. Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Stabilized by Polyvinyl Alcohol Alone

(1)

XIX. Continuous Emulsion Polymerization

(5)

XX. High Pressure Polymerization

(2)

XXI. Practical Aspects of Production of PVA Adhesives

(3)

XXII. Film Formation and Film Properties

(1)

References

(9)

3. THE CHEMICAL BONDING OF WOOD

(22)

William E. Johns

I. Introduction

(2)

II. Varieties of Chemical Bonding

(10)

III. Discussion

(5)

IV. Summary

(1)

References

(5)

4. PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE STRUCTURES IN RELATION TO THEIR ADHESION TO WOOD CELLULOSE

(24)

A. Pizzi and R. Smit

I. Introduction

(1)

II. The Structure of Some Phenol-Formaldehyde Condensates for Wood Adhesives

(14)

III. Adhesion to Wood Cellulose

112

(6)

IV. Conclusions

118

(1)

References

119

(2)

5. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES IN PHENOLIC RESINS

121

(34)

Lawrence Gollob

I. Introduction

121

(2)

II. Concepts of Synthesis/Structure/Property Relationships

123

(27)

III. Outlook

150

(1)

References

150

(5)

6. LIGNIN FORMALDEHYDE WOOD ADHESIVES

155

(36)

Gerrit H. van der Klashorst

I. Introduction

155

(2)

II. Polymerization Reactions for Alkali Lignin

157

(3)

III. The Utilization of Alkali Lignin In Phenol-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesives

160

(4)

IV. Industrial Soda Bagasse Lignin-Based Cold-Setting Wood Adhesives

164

(2)

V. Lignin-Based "Honeymoon" Adhesives

166

(1)

VI. Soda Bagasse Thermosetting Wood Adhesives

166

(7)

VII. Meta-Modified Lignin-Based Wood Adhesives

173

(8)

VIII. Reaction of Industrial Lignin with Formaldehyde at the Meta Positions

181

(3)

IX. Preparation of Cold-Setting Wood Adhesive Based on the Metamodification of Industrial Pine Kraft Lignin

184

(2)

X. Conclusion

186

(1)

Reference

187

(4)

7. LOW-RESORCINOL PRF COLD-SET ADHESIVES-THE BRANCHING PRINCIPLE

191

(20)

A. Pizzi

I. Introduction

191

(2)

II. Chemistry of PRF Resins and Branching

193

(2)

III. Different Branching Molecules

195

(6)

IV. Branched PRF Characteristics

201

(4)

V. Base- and Acid-Catalyzed Formulations; Pot-Life and Shelf-Life

205

(3)

VI. Formulation

208

(1)

VII. Conclusion

209

(1)

References

210

(1)

8. HOTMELTS FOR WOOD PRODUCTS

211

(18)

Neville E. Quixley

I. Introduction

211

(1)

II. Background

211

(1)

III. How Do Hotmelts Work?

212

(1)

IV. Application Areas

212

(3)

V. Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Hotmelts for Edging

215

(4)

VI. Polyamide Hotmelts for Edging

219

(1)

VII. Edge-Bonding Techniques

220

(7)

VIII. Health and Safety

227

(2)

9. FAST-SETTING ADHESIVES FOR FINGER-JOINTING AND GLULAM

229

(78)

A. Pizzi and F. A. Cameron

I. Introduction

229

(1)

II. Components A and B

230

(4)

III. Adhesive Resins Preparation

234

(2)

IV. Finger-Jointing

236

(4)

V. Testing

240

(1)

VI. Statistical Analysis

240

(4)

VII. Initial Industrial Application

244

(13)

VIII. Variations In Paraformaldehyde Content and pH

257

(5)

IX. Factory Trials

262

(1)

X. Variation In the Proportion of A and B Components

263

(10)

XI. Minimum Curing Temperatures

273

(11)

XII. Laminated Beams (Glulam) Application: Laboratory Requirements

284

(3)

XIII. Industrial Plant Applications

287

(15)

XIV. Conclusion

302

(2)

References

304

(3)

10. RELEASE OF FORMALDEHYDE BY WOOD PRODUCTS

307

(82)

Rainer Marutzky

I. Introduction

307

(2)

II. Formaldehyde: An Interesting Compound

309

(5)

III. Formaldehyde: Limits, Regulations, and Guidelines

314

(3)

IV. Reasons for the Release of Formaldehyde by Wood Products

317

(6)

V. Analysis of Adhesives with Respect to Formaldehyde

323

(4)

VI. Analytical Methods for Detecting and Quantifying Formaldehyde

327

(7)

VII. Factors Influencing the Release of Formaldehyde In Wood Products

334

(5)

VIII. Methods for Determination of Formaldehyde Release In Wood Products

339

(18)

IX. Differences in Emission Behavior Among Wood Products

357

(5)

X. Reduction of Formaldehyde Release in Wood Products

362

(10)

XI. Future Developments

372

(1)

References

373

(16)

11. EXPANDING RESORCINOL COLD-SETS FOR GAP-FILLING ADHESIVES FOR WOOD

389

(20)

Gerard Elbez

I. Introduction

389

(1)

II. Development of Low Temperature Formulations

390

(3)

III. Industrial Application Tests

393

(10)

IV. Economic Aspects

403

(3)

V. Conclusions

406

(1)

References

407

(2)

INDEX

409

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