Working Across Cultures : Applications and

The 71 exercises in this book can help you provide students and trainees with the practical experience and knowledge needed to succeed in real-world situations.Drawing from over 15 years of cross-cultural training experience, the author has assembled a diverse number of engaging exercises that can be quickly implemented with minimal effort. Self-administered questionnaires, case studies, culture-focused interviews, and pro and con debates are just a few of the wide range of activities you can use to enrich the classroom.

Preface: Using This Book

vii

Understanding Cross-Cultural Differences

1

(16)

Culture and Group Effectiveness

1

(2)

Culture and the Manager's Role

3

(2)

Preconceived Influences

5

(4)

Language and Perception

9

(2)

Metaphors for Culture

11

(1)

Cultural Identity

12

(1)

Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Globalization

13

(4)

The Dimensions of Culture: Part I

17

(14)

Arrival Times for Different Activities

20

(1)

Time as Past, Present, and Future

20

(3)

Time and National Cultures

23

(1)

Individualism-Collectivism

23

(1)

Collectivism and Test Taking

24

(1)

My Best Friend Versus Money

24

(1)

Space and Work

25

(1)

Spatial Zones

26

(1)

Relationship With Nature

26

(1)

Being or Doing

27

(1)

Being and Doing Phrases

28

(1)

The Nature of People

28

(1)

The Story of Upoli

29

(2)

The Dimensions of Culture: Part II

31

(8)

The Work of Hofstede

31

(2)

Continuing to Use Hofstede's Dimensions

33

(1)

Supplementing Hofstede's Framework

34

(1)

Idiocentrism and Allocentrism

34

(1)

Idiocentrism and Allocentrism

35

(3)

Shared Cultural Values

37

(1)

Cultural Values

38

(1)

Cultural Metaphors

39

(32)

Using Metaphors to Understand National Differences

39

(1)

Questionnaire Items

40

(8)

Paragraph Profiles

48

(5)

Using Metaphors to Implement Organizational Change

48

(5)

Organizational Change

53

(1)

Learning About Cultural Metaphors in Pairs or Triads

53

(1)

Cultural Sensemaking

53

(1)

Stereotypes and Cultural Metaphors

54

(1)

The Cultural Interview

55

(1)

Debating the Merits of Cultural Metaphors

55

(1)

Creating Advertising Slogans

55

(3)

Creating a Complete Advertisement

58

(5)

Using Metaphors to Compare Government and Business

62

(1)

The German Symphony, American Football, and Boards of Directors

63

(1)

Applying the German Symphony and American Football to Mergers of Companies

63

(1)

Managerial Interviews, Joint Ventures, and Cultural Metaphors

64

(1)

Selling Furniture

64

(1)

Office Assignments

65

(1)

Analyzing Advertisements

66

(1)

Military and Business Strategy

66

(1)

International Strategies

66

(2)

Organization Design and Work Groups

68

(3)

Cultures as Processes, Outcomes, and Emotional Expression

71

(10)

Seeing Processes, Outcomes, and Emotional Expression in Action

72

(2)

Southern Versus Northern Hospitality

74

(1)

The Hong Kong Orchestra

75

(1)

Problem-Solving Approaches

76

(1)

Religions and Cultures

76

(5)

Sociolinguistics

81

(8)

Words, Phrases, and Cultural Meanings

81

(1)

Colors and Cultural Meanings

82

(1)

The Deaf Culture

82

(1)

Stereotyping National Cultures

83

(1)

Mangled Advertising Campaigns

83

(2)

Nonverbal Communication

85

(1)

Just Say No

85

(1)

Global Virtual Teams

85

(1)

Interviews About Languages

86

(1)

The Language of Gestures

87

(2)

Additional Behaviors Across Cultures

89

(10)

Social Class, Culture, and Gender

90

(1)

Culture Versus Social Class

90

(1)

Culture and Race

90

(1)

Culture and Institutions

91

(3)

Classification of Human Relationships

92

(2)

The Four Basic Types of Human Relations

94

(1)

An Ethical Dilemma

95

(1)

Preparing for an International Assignment

95

(2)

Life Lesson

97

(2)

Cross-Cultural Negotiations

99

(12)

Rug Negotiations: Part 1

99

(1)

Rug Negotiations: Part 2

100

(1)

Rug Negotiations: Part 3

100

(3)

Key Rules of Negotiating

103

(1)

Metaphors for Negotiations

104

(2)

Collecting No's Cross-Culturally

106

(2)

Alpha and Beta Styles

108

(1)

American, Japanese, and German Styles of Negotiation

108

(1)

American, Japanese, and German Styles of Negotiating

109

(2)

A Metaphor in Depth: The German Symphony

111

(10)

Chapter Overview

111

(1)

Discussion of the Culture

112

(6)

Activities and Exercises

118

(1)

Chapter Performance Review

119

(2)

A Metaphor in Depth: The Japanese Garden

121

(10)

Chapter Overview

121

(1)

Discussion of the Culture

122

(6)

Activities and Exercises

128

(1)

Chapter Performance Review

129

(2)

Training Videos and Web Sites

131

(3)

References

134

(3)

Index

137

(6)

About the Author

143

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Working Across Cultures : Applications and Exercises

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials