Working Memory, Thought, and Action
, by Baddeley, Alan
- ISBN: 9780198528012 | 0198528019
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 5/17/2007
Working Memory, Thought, and Action is the magnum opus of one of the most influential cognitive psychologists of the past fifty years.
Alan Baddeley succeeded Donald Broadbent as Director of the APU in Cambridge. Some 20 years later he moved to Bristol University. He is now at University of York where he has re-established his old collaboration with Graham Hitch. His interests are in human memory in general and working memory more specifically, and in combining basic and applied research. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, of the European Academy and is a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has received the APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, the Aristotle Prize for contributions to European Psychology, and was awarded the CBE for contributions to the study of memory.
| Preface | p. xi |
| Acknowledgements | p. xvii |
| Introduction and overview | p. 1 |
| Some history | p. 2 |
| Multicomponent working memory | p. 5 |
| The multicomponent model | p. 7 |
| Conclusions | p. 13 |
| Why do we need a phonological loop? | p. 15 |
| The evolutionary relevance of the loop | p. 15 |
| Language acquisition | p. 16 |
| Sublexical short-term memory | p. 21 |
| The problem of serial order | p. 25 |
| Chaining models | p. 26 |
| Contextual models | p. 27 |
| The phonological loop: challenges and growing points | p. 35 |
| Nairne's critique | p. 35 |
| The word length effect | p. 38 |
| Disrupting the phonological loop | p. 49 |
| The irrelevant speech effect | p. 51 |
| The phonological loop: an overview | p. 60 |
| Conclusion | p. 62 |
| Visuospatial short-term memory | p. 63 |
| The case for a separating visuospatial and verbal working memory | p. 63 |
| Fractionating visuospatial working memory | p. 64 |
| Memory for spatial location | p. 65 |
| Object-based short-term memory | p. 67 |
| Sequential storage in visuospatial short-term memory | p. 73 |
| Separating the threads | p. 77 |
| Conclusions | p. 83 |
| Imagery and visuospatial working memory | p. 85 |
| Visuospatial coding and verbal memory | p. 86 |
| Modelling the visuospatial sketchpad | p. 91 |
| Visual imagery | p. 94 |
| Conclusions | p. 100 |
| Recency, retrieval and the constant ratio rule | p. 103 |
| Recency in free recall | p. 103 |
| The constant ratio rule | p. 105 |
| Theories of the recency effect | p. 108 |
| The evolutionary function of recency | p. 114 |
| Fractionating the central executive | p. 117 |
| The central executive as rag-bag | p. 118 |
| Executive processes and the frontal lobes | p. 119 |
| Working memory and executive processes | p. 122 |
| Focusing the limited capacity | p. 124 |
| Task switching and the central executive | p. 129 |
| Division of attention as an executive skill | p. 133 |
| Conclusions | p. 138 |
| Long-term memory and the episodic buffer | p. 139 |
| Some reductionist views | p. 139 |
| Some skeletons in the working memory cupboard | p. 141 |
| The episodic buffer | p. 148 |
| Exploring the episodic buffer | p. 157 |
| Binding in visual working memory | p. 157 |
| Binding in memory for prose | p. 160 |
| Some implications | p. 169 |
| Individual differences and working memory span | p. 175 |
| The psychometric tradition | p. 175 |
| The concept of intelligence | p. 176 |
| Individual differences in working memory | p. 181 |
| What does working memory span measure? | p. 184 |
| What limits working memory span? | p. 189 |
| The speed hypothesis | p. 189 |
| The resource pool hypothesis | p. 190 |
| The inhibition hypothesis | p. 192 |
| Components of working memory | p. 198 |
| Fractionating the central executive | p. 203 |
| Working memory and education | p. 205 |
| Conclusion | p. 209 |
| Neuroimaging working memory | p. 211 |
| Positron emission tomography (PET) | p. 211 |
| Functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) | p. 213 |
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | p. 213 |
| Other techniques | p. 214 |
| The naming of parts | p. 216 |
| What have we learned from imaging working memory? | p. 217 |
| Imaging the central executive | p. 224 |
| Meta-analysis of executive processing | p. 228 |
| Imaging retrieval processes | p. 230 |
| Some conclusions | p. 231 |
| Working memory and social behaviour | p. 235 |
| What controls behaviour? | p. 235 |
| Habits, schemata and deterministic control | p. 236 |
| The sense of agency | p. 242 |
| Working memory and self-control | p. 246 |
| Conclusions | p. 255 |
| Working memory and emotion 1: fear and craving | p. 257 |
| Cognition in extreme emotion | p. 258 |
| Clinical studies of anxiety and cognition | p. 265 |
| Modelling the impact of anxiety and cognition | p. 269 |
| Addiction and craving | p. 272 |
| Conclusion | p. 275 |
| Working memory and emotion II: depression and the wellsprings of action | p. 277 |
| Comparing the effects of anxiety and depression | p. 277 |
| Psychological theories of depression | p. 284 |
| The wellsprings of action | p. 286 |
| Working memory and depression | p. 289 |
| Emotion and the multicomponent model | p. 293 |
| Emotion: a broader view | p. 295 |
| Conclusions | p. 300 |
| Consciousness | p. 301 |
| A pragmatic approach to consciousness | p. 301 |
| Core consciousness | p. 302 |
| Consciousness under anaesthesia | p. 304 |
| Conscious control and the global workspace hypothesis | p. 306 |
| A neural basis for cognitive workspace | p. 309 |
| Consciousness and working memory | p. 314 |
| The multilevel control of action | p. 317 |
| Implicit control of action | p. 317 |
| A model of motor control | p. 323 |
| Implications of motor control for working memory | p. 332 |
| Conclusions | p. 334 |
| Working memory in context: life, the universe and everything | p. 335 |
| An evolutionary perspective | p. 336 |
| Some philosophical implications | p. 339 |
| Epilogue | p. 348 |
| References | p. 351 |
| Index | p. 405 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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