World Englishes in Asian Contexts

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ISBN: 9789622097568 | 9622097561
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/30/2006

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This book is the first comprehensive treatment of the spread, acculturation, functions and evolution of English in Asia. It discusses all major issues resulting from the introduction of English in culturally different contexts and the two-way interactiono

List of illustrations

Series editor's preface

xvii

Preface

xix

Acknowledgements

xxi

List of abbreviations and symbols

xxii

Map of Greater Asia

xxiv

Introduction

(1)

World Englishes

(1)

Asian Englishes

(1)

Resources on world Englishes

(1)

Structure of this book

(3)

Part I: Theory, Method and Contexts

(70)

World Englishes today

(14)

Introduction

(1)

The world-wide diffusion of English

(1)

Language, dialect and variety

(1)

Accent

(1)

Varieties of world Englishes

(1)

Diffusion and variation

(1)

Standards

(1)

External models in the Outer and Expanding Circles

(1)

Internal models in the Outer and Expanding Circles

(2)

Ideological perspectives

(1)

Literatures in world Englishes

(1)

Multilingual English users

(1)

Issues in English language education

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Suggested activities

(1)

Conceptual framework

(12)

Introduction

(1)

The reality of native vs. non-native

(2)

EFL vs. ESL: The prevailing view

(1)

Speech community and speech fellowship

(1)

The Three Circles

(2)

Range and depth

(1)

Institutionalization

(1)

Norm-providing and norm-accepting

(1)

Nativization and acculturation

(1)

Bilinguals' creativity

(1)

Multilingualism and models

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Suggested activities

(1)

Structural variation

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Phonology

(3)

Grammar

(9)

Discourse

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Suggested activities

(3)

Contexts and identities

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Conventions of speaking

(3)

Conversation analysis

(1)

Speech acts in world Englishes

(4)

Conventions of writing

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Suggested activities

(3)

Parameters of intelligibility

(12)

Introduction

(1)

Intelligibility, comprehensibility and interpretability

(4)

Researching intelligibility

(1)

Smith and Rafiqzad's study of intelligibility

(1)

Smith and Bisazza's study of comprehensibility

(1)

Matsuura, Chiba and Fujieda's study of intelligibility and comprehensibility

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Suggested activities

(2)

Part II: Acquisition, Creativity, Standards and Testing

(74)

World Englishes and language acquisition

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Theoretical orientation of SLA research

(1)

SLA in multilingual contexts

(1)

SLA and formal instruction

(1)

Issues of proficiency and communicative competence

(2)

Nativization and Englishization

(1)

Interlanguage and world Englishes

(1)

Why SLA theories and world Englishes do not connect

(2)

The ground realities

(1)

Acquisition of English in the Outer and Expanding Circles

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Suggested activities

(2)

Standards, codification and world Englishes

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Standard British English

(2)

External vs. internal models in Outer and Expanding Circles

(1)

Two constructs of standards and codification

(6)

Issues in standards and codification

102

(2)

Codification and teacher education

104

(2)

The notion of foreignness

106

(1)

Conclusion

106

(1)

Suggested activities

106

(3)

Creativity and innovations

109

(12)

Introduction

109

(1)

Background

110

(1)

Contact literatures

111

(2)

Multilinguals' language use

113

(4)

Reading contact literatures

117

(1)

Conclusion

118

(1)

Suggested activities

119

(2)

Teaching and testing world Englishes

121

(16)

Introduction

121

(1)

Myths about English

122

(2)

Discourses of marginality

124

(1)

World Englishes in teacher education

125

(2)

Curricular changes in teacher training

127

(1)

Implementation of curriculum

127

(3)

Classroom procedures

130

(1)

Testing world Englishes

131

(1)

Critiques of existing tests

131

(3)

Conclusion

134

(1)

Suggested activities

134

(3)

Teaching world English literatures

137

(14)

Introduction

137

(1)

The rationale for contact literatures in the classroom

138

(1)

Stylistic devices

139

(2)

Reading a text cross-culturally

141

(3)

Teaching other-culture literatures

144

(5)

Conclusion

149

(1)

Suggested activities

149

(2)

Part III: Profiles across Cultures

151

(72)

South Asian English

153

(14)

Introduction

153

(1)

Historical background

153

(2)

Status of South Asian English

155

(1)

Nativization: Characteristics of South Asian English

156

(3)

Bilinguals' creativity

159

(1)

Englishization in South Asia

160

(1)

Attitudes towards English

161

(2)

Models for South Asian Englishes

163

(1)

Conclusion

163

(1)

Suggested activities

164

(3)

East Asian Englishes

167

(14)

Introduction

167

(1)

Chinese English

167

(2)

Characteristics of Chinese English

169

(2)

Japanese English

171

(1)

Characteristics of Japanese English

172

(5)

Korean English

177

(1)

Characteristics of Korean English

177

(1)

Englishization of Korean

178

(1)

Conclusion

179

(1)

Suggested activities

179

(2)

Southeast Asian Englishes

181

(16)

Introduction

181

(2)

Historical background

183

(3)

Status and function of English

186

(1)

Sociolinguistic profile

187

(1)

Characteristics of Southeast Asian Englishes

188

(5)

Conclusion

193

(1)

Suggested activities

194

(3)

African Englishes

197

(14)

Introduction

197

(1)

Historical background

198

(1)

Grammatical and idiomatic innovations

199

(5)

Black South African English

204

(1)

The Black South African English education context

204

(2)

Ideological issues

206

(1)

Characteristics of Black South African English

206

(2)

Conclusion

208

(1)

Suggested activities

209

(2)

African-American Vernacular English

211

(12)

Introduction

211

(1)

African-American Vernacular English: Basic considerations

212

(1)

Origins and development of African-American Vernacular English

213

(1)

Characteristics of African-American Vernacular English

214

(5)

Two co-existing systems

219

(1)

Conclusion

220

(1)

Suggested activities

220

(3)

Part IV: Applied Theory and World Englishes

223

(96)

Researching grammar

225

(16)

Introduction

225

(1)

Grammatical agreement

226

(2)

Variation study

228

(2)

Corpus analysis: Grammatical and style variation

230

(1)

Modals of obligation and necessity

230

(4)

Relevance of corpora to research

234

(1)

Analysing literatures in five Englishes

234

(3)

Conclusion

237

(1)

Suggested activities

238

(3)

Dictionaries of world Englishes

241

(14)

Introduction

241

(1)

The Asian context

242

(4)

The Australian context

246

(1)

Philippine English

247

(3)

Singaporean English

250

(2)

Conclusion

252

(1)

Suggested activities

253

(2)

Code-mixing and code-switching

255

(12)

Introduction

255

(1)

The phenomenon of code-mixing

255

(3)

The pragmatics of code-switching

258

(3)

Code-switching/mixing as communication

261

(2)

Conclusion

263

(1)

Suggested activities

264

(3)

Culture and conventions of speaking

267

(16)

Introduction

267

(1)

Gender and age in language use

268

(4)

Gender in Indian English

272

(4)

Ethnic variation in discourse

276

(5)

Conclusion

281

(1)

Suggested activities

282

(1)

Culture and conventions of writing

283

(10)

Introduction

283

(1)

Argumentation and persuasion

284

(5)

Contrastive rhetoric illustrated

289

(2)

Conclusion

291

(1)

Suggested activities

291

(2)

Genre analysis across cultures

293

(12)

Introduction

293

(1)

Definition of genre

294

(5)

Ideology of genre

299

(1)

Gatekeeping

300

(1)

Implications for world Englishes

300

(1)

Genres across cultures

301

(2)

Conclusion

303

(1)

Suggested activities

303

(2)

Power, ideology and attitudes

305

(14)

Introduction

305

(1)

Formulation of linguistic imperialism

306

(1)

Formulation of cultural politics

307

(3)

Ideological bases of applied linguistics

310

(1)

Views from the `periphery'

311

(1)

The strategies of the marginalized

312

(3)

Contrasting ideologies

315

(1)

Ideologies and world Englishes

315

(1)

Conclusion

316

(1)

Suggested activities

317

(2)

Conclusion: Current trends and future directions

319

(8)

Introduction

319

(1)

Aims and goals

319

(3)

Future directions

322

(2)

Conclusion

324

(3)

Notes

327

(4)

Glossary

331

(16)

Annotated bibliography

347

(10)

Additional resources

357

(4)

References

361

(36)

Index

397

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World Englishes in Asian Contexts

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials