World History

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ISBN: 9780495050124 | 0495050121
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/13/2006

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Noted teachers and scholars William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel present a balanced, highly readable overview of world history that explores common challenges and experiences that unite the human past and that identify key global patterns over time. Thorough coverage of political, economic, social, religious, intellectual, cultural, and military history has been integrated into a chronologically ordered synthesis to help students gain an appreciation and understanding of the distinctive character and development of individual cultures in society. This edition of WORLD HISTORY continues to take a global approach to world history, with an emphasis on analytical comparisons between and among cultures throughout history. This approach helps students' link events together in a broad comparative and global framework, thereby placing the contemporary world in a more meaningful historical context. WORLD HISTORY is available in the following volume options: WORLD HISTORY, FIFTH EDITION (Chapters 1-29) ISBN: 0495050121; WORLD HISTORY, VOLUME I: TO 1800, FIFTH EDITION (Contains Chapters 1-17) ISBN: 0495050539; WORLD HISTORY, VOLUME II: SINCE 1500, FIFTH EDITION (Contains Chapters 13-29) ISBN: 0495050547; WORLD HISTORY TO 1500, FIFTH EDITION (Contains Chapters 1-12) ISBN: 0495050601.

Maps

xvi

Chronologies

xviii

Documents

xix

Preface

xxi

Acknowledgments

xxvii

A Note to Students on Language and the Dating of Time

xxx

Themes for Understanding World History

xxxi

Part I The First Civilizations and the Rise of Empires (prehistory to 500 C.E.)

(159)

The First Civilizations: The Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt

(35)

The First Humans

(5)

The Emergence of Homo sapiens

(1)

The Hunter-Gatherers of the Paleolithic Age

(2)

The Neolithic Revolution, c. 10,000--4,000 B.C.E

(3)

The Emergence of Civilization

(1)

Early Civilizations Around the World

(1)

Causes of Civilization

(1)

Civilization in Mesopotamia

(7)

The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia

(1)

Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia

(3)

The Culture of Mesopotamia

(2)

Egyptian Civilization: ``The Gift of the Nile''

(7)

The Impact of Geography

(1)

The Old and Middle Kingdoms

(1)

Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt

(1)

The Culture of Egypt

(1)

Chaos and a New Order: The New Kingdom

(1)

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Family and Marriage

(1)

New Centers of Civilization

(5)

The Impact of the Indo-Europeans

(1)

The Phoenicians

(1)

The Hebrews: The ``Children of Israel''

(3)

The Rise of New Empires

(9)

The Assyrian Empire

(2)

The Persian Empire

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Notes

(1)

Suggested Reading

(3)

Ancient India

(27)

The Emergence of Civilization in India: Harappan Society

(4)

A Land of Diversity

(1)

Harappan Civilization: A Fascinating Enigma

(4)

A Lost Civilization?

(1)

The Arrival of the Aryans

(7)

The Early Aryans

(1)

The Mauryan Empire

(2)

Caste and Class: Social Structures in Ancient India

(2)

Daily Life in Ancient India

(1)

The Economy

(1)

Escaping the Wheel of Life: The Religious World of Ancient India

(7)

Hinduism

(3)

Buddhism: The Middle Path

(4)

The Rule of the Fishes: India After the Mauryas

(1)

The Exuberant World of Indian Culture

(7)

Literature

(1)

Architecture and Sculpture

(3)

Science

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Notes

(1)

Suggested Reading

(2)

China in Antiquity

(31)

The Dawn of Chinese Civilization

(5)

The Land and People of China

(2)

The Shang Dynasty

(3)

The Zhou Dynasty

(7)

Political Structures

(2)

Economy and Society

(1)

The Hundred Schools of Ancient Philosophy

(4)

The Rise of the Chinese Empire: The Qin and the Han

(7)

The Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E)

(3)

The Glorious Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E--221 C.E)

(3)

Daily Life in Ancient China

(3)

The Role of the Family

(1)

Lifestyles

(1)

Cities

(1)

The Humble Estate: Women in Ancient China

(1)

Chinese Culture

(8)

Metalwork and Sculpture

(2)

Language and Literature

(2)

Music

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Notes

(1)

Suggested Reading

(1)

The Civilization of the Greeks

(31)

Early Greece

(4)

Minoan Crete

(1)

The First Greek State: Mycenae

(1)

The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100-c. 750 B.C.E)

(2)

The Greek City-States (c.750--c. 500 B.C.E)

100

(5)

The Polis

100

(1)

Colonization and the Growth of Trade

101

(1)

Tyranny and the Greek Polis

102

(1)

Sparta

102

(2)

Athens

104

(1)

The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece

105

(9)

The Challenge of Persia

105

(1)

The Growth of an Athenian Empire in the Age of Pericles

106

(1)

The Great Peloponnesian War and the Decline of the Greek States

107

(1)

The Culture of Classical Greece

108

(4)

Greek Religion

112

(1)

Daily Life in Classical Athens

113

(1)

The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander

114

(3)

Alexander the Great

114

(3)

The World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms

117

(9)

Hellenistic Monarchies

117

(1)

Political Institutions

117

(1)

Hellenistic Cities

118

(1)

The Importance of Trade

118

(1)

Social Life: New Opportunities for Women

119

(1)

Culture in the Hellenistic World

119

(4)

Conclusion

123

(1)

Chapter Notes

123

(1)

Suggested Reading

124

(2)

The World of the Romans

126

(34)

Early Rome and the Republic

127

(9)

Early Rome

127

(1)

The Roman Republic

128

(3)

The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264--133 B.C.E)

131

(2)

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133--31 B.C.E)

133

(3)

The Roman Empire at Its Height

136

(12)

The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.E--14 C.E)

136

(2)

The Early Empire (14--180)

138

(2)

Culture and Society in the Roman World

140

(8)

Crisis and the Late Empire

148

(2)

Crises in the Third Century

148

(1)

The Late Roman Empire

149

(1)

Transformation of the Roman World: The Development of Christianity

150

(4)

The Religious World of the Romans

150

(1)

The Jewish Background

150

(1)

The Rise of Christianity

151

(3)

The Triumph of Christianity

154

(1)

Comparison of the Roman and Han Empires

154

(6)

Conclusion

156

(1)

Chapter Notes

156

(1)

Suggested Reading

157

(3)

Part II New Patterns of Civilization

160

(200)

The Americas

162

(25)

The Peopling of the Americas

163

(1)

The First Americans

163

(1)

Early Civilizations in Central America

163

(13)

Teotihuacan: America's First Metropolis

165

(1)

The Maya

166

(5)

The Aztecs

171

(5)

The First Civilizations in South America

176

(6)

Chavin de Huantar

177

(1)

Moche

177

(1)

The Inka

178

(4)

Stateless Societies in the New World

182

(5)

The Eastern Woodlands

182

(1)

Cahokia

182

(1)

The ``Ancient Ones'': The Anasazi

183

(1)

South America: The Arawak

184

(1)

Conclusion

184

(1)

Chapter Notes

185

(1)

Suggested Reading

185

(2)

Islam and Byzantium

187

(29)

The Rise of Islam

188

(3)

The Role of Muhammad

188

(1)

The Teachings of Muhammad

189

(2)

The Arab Empire and Its Successors

191

(6)

Creation of an Empire

191

(1)

The Rise of the Ummayads

192

(1)

The Abbasids

193

(2)

The Seljuk Turks

195

(1)

The Crusades

196

(1)

The Mongols

197

(1)

Islamic Civilization

197

(10)

The Wealth of Araby: Trade and Cities in the Middle East

197

(2)

Islamic Society

199

(1)

The Culture of Islam

200

(7)

The Byzantine Empire

207

(9)

The Reign of Justinian (527--565)

207

(3)

From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire

210

(1)

The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization

211

(1)

New Challenges to the Byzantine Empire

212

(1)

Impact of the Crusades

213

(1)

Conclusion

213

(1)

Chapter Notes

214

(1)

Suggested Reading

214

(2)

Early Civilizations in Africa

216

(25)

The Emergence of Civilization

217

(6)

The Land

217

(1)

Kush

217

(1)

Axum, Son of Saba

218

(1)

The Sahara and Its Environs

219

(3)

East Africa

222

(1)

The Coming of Islam

223

(7)

African Religious Beliefs Before Islam

224

(1)

The Arabs in North Africa

224

(1)

The Kingdom of Ethiopia: A Christian Island in a Muslim Sea

225

(1)

East Africa: The Land of Zanj

225

(1)

The States of West Africa

226

(4)

States and Stateless Societies in Central and Southern Africa

230

(1)

The Congo River Valley

230

(1)

Zimbabwe

230

(1)

Southern Africa

230

(1)

African Society

231

(3)

Urban Life

231

(1)

Village Life

232

(1)

The Role of Women

232

(1)

Slavery

233

(1)

African Culture

234

(7)

Painting and Sculpture

234

(1)

Music

235

(1)

Architecture

235

(1)

Literature

236

(3)

Conclusion

239

(1)

Chapter Notes

240

(1)

Suggested Reading

240

(1)

The Expansion of Civilization in Southern Asia

241

(28)

The Silk Road

242

(2)

India After the Mauryas

244

(3)

The Gupta Dynasty: A New Golden Age?

244

(1)

The Transformation of Buddhism

244

(3)

The Decline of Buddhism in India

247

(1)

The Arrival of Islam

247

(3)

The Arrival of Mahmud of Ghazni

247

(1)

The Delhi Sultanate

248

(1)

Tamerlane

249

(1)

Society and Culture

250

(8)

Religion

250

(3)

Economy and Daily Life

253

(1)

The Wonder of Indian Culture

254

(4)

The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia

258

(11)

Paddy Fields and Spices: The States of Southeast Asia

259

(3)

Daily Life

262

(2)

World of the Spirits: Religious Belief

264

(2)

Conclusion

266

(2)

Chapter Notes

268

(1)

Suggested Reading

268

(1)

The Flowering of Traditional China

269

(29)

China After the Han

270

(1)

China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song

271

(12)

The Sui Dynasty

271

(1)

The Tang Dynasty

272

(2)

The Song Dynasty

274

(1)

Political Structures: The Triumph of Confucianism

274

(3)

The Economy

277

(5)

Society in Traditional China

282

(1)

Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire

283

(3)

The Creation of the Mongol Empire

283

(1)

Mongol Rule in China

283

(2)

From the Yuan to the Ming

285

(1)

The Ming Dynasty

286

(1)

The Voyage of Zhenghe

286

(1)

An Inward Turn

286

(1)

In Search of the Way

287

(4)

The Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism

287

(2)

Neo-Confucianism: The Investigation of Things

289

(2)

The Apogee of Chinese Culture

291

(7)

Literature

291

(2)

Art

293

(3)

Conclusion

296

(1)

Chapter Notes

297

(1)

Suggested Reading

297

(1)

The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

298

(25)

Japan: Land of the Rising Sun

299

(15)

A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan

300

(1)

The Rise of the Japanese State

301

(4)

Economic and Social Structures

305

(4)

In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan

309

(1)

Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture

310

(4)

Japan and the Chinese Model

314

(1)

Korea: Bridge to the East

314

(3)

The Three Kingdoms

315

(1)

The Rise of the Koryo Dynasty

316

(1)

Under the Mongols

316

(1)

Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon

317

(6)

The Rise of Great Viet

317

(3)

Society and Family Life

320

(1)

Conclusion

320

(1)

Chapter Notes

321

(1)

Suggested Reading

321

(2)

The Making of Europe

323

(37)

The Emergence of Europe in the Early Middle Ages

324

(7)

The New Germanic Kingdoms

324

(1)

The Role of the Christian Church

324

(2)

Charlemagne and the Carolingians

326

(1)

The World of Lords and Vassals

326

(5)

Europe in the High Middle Ages

331

(12)

Land and People

331

(1)

The New World of Trade and Cities

332

(3)

Evolution of the European Kingdoms

335

(4)

Christianity and Medieval Civilization

339

(2)

The Culture of the High Middle Ages

341

(2)

Medieval Europe and the World

343

(2)

The First Crusades

344

(1)

The Later Crusades

344

(1)

The Crises of the Late Middle Ages

345

(6)

The Black Death

345

(2)

Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval

347

(1)

Political Instability

348

(1)

The Decline of the Church

349

(2)

Recovery: The Renaissance

351

(9)

The Intellectual Renaissance

351

(1)

The Artistic Renaissance

351

(2)

The State in the Renaissance

353

(2)

Conclusion

355

(1)

Chapter Notes

356

(1)

Suggested Reading

356

(4)

Part III The Emergence of New World Patterns (1500--1800)

360

(150)

New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market

362

(30)

An Age of Exploration and Expansion

363

(3)

Islam and the Spice Trade

363

(1)

A New Player: Europe

363

(3)

The Portuguese Maritime Empire

366

(3)

The Portuguese in India

366

(2)

The Search for Spices

368

(1)

Spanish Conquests in the ``New World''

369

(2)

The Voyages

369

(1)

The Conquests

370

(1)

Governing the Spanish Empire

370

(1)

The Impact of European Expansion

371

(6)

New Rivals

374

(3)

Africa in Transition

377

(6)

The Portuguese in Africa

377

(1)

The Dutch in South Africa

378

(1)

The Kingdom of Songhai

378

(1)

The Slave Trade

378

(5)

Political and Social Structures in a Changing Continent

383

(1)

Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade

383

(9)

The Arrival of the West

384

(1)

State and Society in Precolonial Southeast Asia

385

(4)

Conclusion

389

(1)

Chapter Notes

390

(1)

Suggested Reading

391

(1)

Europe Transformed: Reform and State Building

392

(27)

The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century

393

(9)

Background of the Reformation

394

Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany

295

(102)

The Spread of the Protestant Reformation

397

(2)

The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation

399

The Catholic Reformation

349

(53)

Europe in Crisis, 1560--1650

402

(5)

Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century

402

(2)

Economic and Social Crises

404

(2)

Seventeenth-Century Crises: Revolution and War

406

(1)

Response to Crises: The Practice of Absolutism

407

(5)

France Under Louis XIV

408

(2)

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

410

(2)

England and Limited Monarchy

412

(1)

Conflict Between King and Parliament

412

(1)

Civil War and Commonwealth

412

(1)

Restoration and a Glorious Revolution

412

(1)

The Flourishing of European Culture

413

(6)

Art: The Baroque

413

(2)

Art: Dutch Realism

415

(1)

A Golden Age of Literature in England

415

(2)

Conclusion

417

(1)

Chapter Notes

418

(1)

Suggested Reading

418

(1)

The Muslim Empires

419

(29)

The Ottoman Empire

420

(10)

The Rise of the Ottoman Turks

420

(1)

Expansion of the Empire

421

(4)

The Nature of Turkish Rule

425

(2)

Religion and Society in the Ottoman World

427

(1)

The Ottomans in Decline

428

(1)

Ottoman Art

428

(2)

The Safavids

430

(4)

The Rise of the Safavids

430

(1)

Decline of the Dynasty

430

(1)

Safavid Politics and Society

431

(2)

Safavid Art and Literature

433

(1)

The Grandeur of the Mughals

434

(14)

The Mughal Dynasty: A ``Gunpowder Empire''?

434

(1)

Akbar and Indo-Muslim Civilization

435

(2)

Twilight of the Mughals

437

(2)

The Impact of Western Power in India

439

(2)

Society Under the Mughals

441

(1)

Mughal Culture

442

(3)

Conclusion

445

(1)

Chapter Notes

445

(1)

Suggested Reading

445

(3)

The East Asian World

448

(28)

China at Its Apex

449

(7)

From the Ming to the Qing

449

(2)

The Greatness of the Qing

451

(5)

Changing China

456

(6)

The Population Explosion

456

(2)

Seeds of Industrialization

458

(1)

Daily Life in Qing China

459

(2)

Cultural Developments

461

(1)

Tokugawa Japan

462

(10)

The Three Great Unifiers

462

(1)

Opening to the West

463

(3)

The Tokugawa ``Great Peace''

466

(2)

Life in the Village

468

(1)

Tokugawa Culture

469

(3)

Korea: The Hermit Kingdom

472

(4)

Conclusion

473

(1)

Chapter Notes

474

(1)

Suggested Reading

474

(2)

The West on the Eve of a New World Order

476

(34)

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: An Intellectual Revolution in the West

477

(9)

The Scientific Revolution

477

(2)

Background to the Enlightenment

479

(1)

The Philosophes and Their Ideas

480

(4)

Culture in an Enlightened Age

484

(2)

Economic Changes and the Social Order

486

(2)

New Economic Patterns

486

(1)

European Society in the Eighteenth Century

486

(2)

Colonial Empires and Revolution in the Western Hemisphere

488

(4)

The Society of Latin America

488

(2)

British North America

490

(2)

Toward a New Political Order and Global Conflict

492

(3)

Prussia: The Army and the Bureaucracy

492

(1)

The Austrian Empire of the Habsburgs

492

(1)

Russia Under Catherine the Great

492

(1)

Enlightened Absolutism Reconsidered

493

(1)

Changing Patterns of War: Global Confrontation

494

(1)

The French Revolution

495

(6)

Background to the French Revolution

495

(1)

From Estates-General to National Assembly

496

(1)

Destruction of the Old Regime

496

(1)

The Radical Revolution

497

(4)

Reaction and the Directory

501

(1)

The Age of Napoleon

501

(9)

Domestic Policies

501

(1)

Napoleon's Empire

502

(3)

Conclusion

505

(1)

Chapter Notes

505

(1)

Suggested Reading

505

(5)

Part IV Modern Patterns of World History (1800--1945)

510

(210)

The Beginnings of Modernization: Industrialization and Nationalism, 1800--1870

512

(29)

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact

513

(9)

The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

513

(2)

The Spread of Industrialization

515

(2)

Limiting the Spread of Industrialization to the Rest of the World

517

(1)

Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

518

(4)

Reaction and Revolution: The Growth of Nationalism

522

(8)

Forces for Change

523

(1)

The Revolutions of 1848

523

(2)

Independence and the Development of the National State in Latin America

525

(3)

Nationalism in the Balkans: The Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Question

528

(2)

National Unification and the National State, 1848--1871

530

(5)

The Unification of Italy

530

(1)

The Unification of Germany

530

(2)

Nationalism and Reform: The European National State at Mid-Century

532

(2)

The Growth of the United States

534

(1)

The Emergence of a Canadian Nation

535

(1)

Cultural Life: Romanticism and Realism in the Western World

535

(6)

The Characteristics of Romanticism

535

(1)

A New Age of Science

536

(1)

Realism in Literature and Art

537

(2)

Conclusion

539

(1)

Chapter Notes

539

(1)

Suggested Reading

539

(2)

The Emergence of Mass Society in the Western World

541

(30)

The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

542

(5)

New Products

542

(1)

New Patterns

543

(1)

Toward a World Economy

544

(1)

The Spread of Industrialization

544

(1)

Women and Work: New Job Opportunities

544

(1)

Organizing the Working Classes

544

(3)

The Emergence of Mass Society

547

(7)

The New Urban Environment

547

(2)

The Social Structure of Mass Society

549

(1)

The Experiences of Women

550

(1)

Education in an Age of Mass Society

551

(2)

Leisure in an Age of Mass Society

553

(1)

The National State

554

(7)

Tradition and Change in Latin America

554

(1)

Political Change in Latin America

554

(1)

The Rise of the United States

555

(1)

The Growth of Canada

556

(1)

The National State in Europe

557

(2)

International Rivalries and the Winds of War

559

(1)

The Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the Balkans

560

(1)

Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments

561

(10)

A New Physics

561

(1)

Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis

562

(1)

Social Darwinism and Racism

563

(3)

The Culture of Modernity

566

(2)

Conclusion

568

(1)

Chapter Notes

569

(1)

Suggested Reading

569

(2)

The High Tide of Imperialism

571

(28)

The Spread of Colonial Rule

572

(9)

The Motives

572

(1)

The Tactics

572

(1)

``Opportunity in the Orient'': The Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia

573

(1)

Empire Building in Africa

574

(7)

The Colonial System

581

(11)

The Philosophy of Colonialism

581

(1)

India Under the British Raj

582

(2)

Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia

584

(4)

Colonialism in Africa

588

(4)

The Emergence of Anticolonialism

592

(7)

Stirrings of Nationhood

592

(1)

Traditional Resistance: A Precursor to Nationalism

593

(3)

Conclusion

596

(2)

Chapter Notes

598

(1)

Suggested Reading

598

(1)

Shadows over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge

599

(27)

The Decline of the Manchus

600

(10)

Opium and Rebellion

600

(3)

Efforts at Reform

603

(1)

The Climax of Imperialism

604

(3)

Collapse of the Old Order

607

(3)

Chinese Society in Transition

610

(3)

Obstacles to Industrialization

610

(1)

The Impact of Imperialism

610

(2)

Daily Life

612

(1)

A Rich Country and a Strong State: The Rise of Modern Japan

613

(13)

An End to Isolation

613

(1)

The Meiji Restoration

614

(3)

Joining the Imperialist Club

617

(3)

Japanese Culture in Transition

620

(1)

The Meiji Restoration: A Revolution from Above

621

(3)

Conclusion

624

(1)

Chapter Notes

625

(1)

Suggested Reading

625

(1)

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

626

(30)

The Road to World War I

627

(3)

Nationalism and Internal Dissent

627

(1)

Militarism

627

(1)

The Outbreak of War: Summer 1914

627

(3)

The Great War

630

(8)

1914--1915: Illusions and Stalemate

630

(2)

1916--1917: The Great Slaughter

632

(2)

The Widening of the War

634

(2)

The Home Front: The Impact of Total War

636

(2)

War and Revolution

638

(8)

The Russian Revolution

638

(4)

The Last Year of the War

642

(1)

The Peace Settlement

643

(3)

The Futile Search for Stability

646

(4)

Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security

646

(1)

The Great Depression

646

(1)

The Democratic States

647

(2)

Socialism in Soviet Russia

649

(1)

In Pursuit of a New Reality: Cultural and Intellectual Trends

650

(6)

Nightmares and New Visions

651

(2)

Probing the Unconscious

653

(1)

Conclusion

653

(1)

Chapter Notes

654

(1)

Suggested Reading

654

(2)

Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Africa, Asia, and Latin America from 1919 to 1939

656

(28)

The Rise of Nationalism

657

(10)

Modern Nationalism

657

(1)

Gandhi and the Indian National Congress

658

(2)

The Nationalist Revolt in the Middle East

660

(5)

Nationalism and Revolution in Asia and Africa

665

(2)

Revolution in China

667

(8)

Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy: The New Culture Movement

668

(1)

The Nationalist-Communist Alliance

669

(1)

The Nanjing Republic

670

(3)

``Down with Confucius and Sons'': Economic, Social, and Cultural Change in Republican China

673

(2)

Japan Between the Wars

675

(2)

Experiment in Democracy

675

(1)

A Zaibatsu Economy

676

(1)

Shidehara Diplomacy

677

(1)

Nationalism and Dictatorship in Latin America

677

(7)

The Economy and the United States

678

(1)

The Move to Authoritarianism

679

(1)

Latin American Culture

680

(1)

Conclusion

681

(1)

Chapter Notes

682

(1)

Suggested Reading

683

(1)

The Crisis Deepens: World War II

684

(36)

Retreat from Democracy: Dictatorial Regimes

685

(6)

The Birth of Fascism

685

(1)

Hitler and Nazi Germany

686

(4)

The Stalinist Era in the Soviet Union

690

(1)

The Rise of Militarism in Japan

691

(1)

The Path to War

691

(5)

The Path to War in Europe

692

(2)

The Path to War in Asia

694

(2)

World War II

696

(6)

Europe at War

696

(2)

Japan at War

698

(1)

The Turning Point of the War, 1942--1943

698

(3)

The Last Years of the War

701

(1)

The New Order

702

(5)

The New Order in Europe

702

(2)

The Holocaust

704

(1)

The New Order in Asia

705

(2)

The Home Front

707

(5)

Mobilizing the People

708

(1)

The Bombing of Cities

708

(4)

Aftermath: Toward the Cold War

712

(8)

The Yalta Conference

712

(1)

The Potsdam Conference

713

(1)

Conclusion

714

(2)

Chapter Notes

716

(1)

Suggested Reading

716

(4)

Part V Toward a Global Civilization? The World Since 1945

720

(167)

In the Grip of the Cold War: The Breakdown of the Yalta System

722

(28)

The Collapse of the Grand Alliance

723

(5)

Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe

723

(1)

Descent of the Iron Curtain

723

(1)

The Truman Doctrine

724

(1)

The Marshall Plan

724

(1)

Europe Divided

725

(3)

Cold War in Asia

728

(5)

The Chinese Civil War

728

(2)

The New China

730

(1)

The Korean War

731

(1)

Conflict in Indochina

732

(1)

From Confrontation to Coexistence

733

(9)

Ferment in Eastern Europe

733

(2)

Rivalry in the Third World

735

(2)

The Sino-Soviet Dispute

737

(1)

The Second Indochina War

738

(4)

An Era of Equivalence

742

(8)

The Brezhnev Doctrine

743

(1)

An Era of Detente

744

(1)

Renewed Tensions in the Third World

745

(1)

Countering the Evil Empire

745

(2)

Conclusion

747

(1)

Chapter Notes

747

(1)

Suggested Reading

748

(2)

Brave New World: Communism on Trial

750

(33)

The Postwar Soviet Union

751

(8)

From Stalin to Khrushchev

751

(2)

The Brezhnev Years (1964--1982)

753

(4)

Cultural Expression in the Soviet Bloc

757

(1)

Social Changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

758

(1)

The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire

759

(6)

The Gorbachev Era

760

(2)

The New Russia: From Empire to Nation

762

(2)

Eastern Europe: From Satellites to Sovereign Nations

764

(1)

The East Is Red: China Under Communism

765

(8)

New Democracy

765

(1)

The Transition to Socialism

766

(1)

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

767

(1)

From Mao to Deng

768

(1)

Incident at Tiananmen Square

769

(2)

From Marx to Confucius?

771

(2)

``Serve the People'': Chinese Society Under Communism

773

(10)

Economics in Command

773

(3)

Social Problems

776

(1)

China's Changing Culture

777

(3)

Conclusion

780

(1)

Chapter Notes

780

(1)

Suggested Reading

780

(3)

Europe and the Western Hemisphere Since 1945

783

(32)

Recovery and Renewal in Europe

784

(5)

Western Europe: The Triumph of Democracy

784

(2)

Eastern Europe After Communism

786

(3)

The Unification of Europe

789

(1)

Emergence of the Superpower: The United States

789

(4)

American Politics and Society Through the Vietnam Era

790

(1)

The Shift Rightward After 1973

791

(2)

The Development of Canada

793

(1)

Latin America Since 1945

794

(6)

The Threat of Marxist Revolutions

795

(2)

Nationalism and the Military: The Examples of Argentina and Brazil

797

(2)

The Mexican Way

799

(1)

Society and Culture in the Western World

800

(15)

The Emergence of a New Society

800

(1)

The Permissive Society

801

(1)

Women in the Postwar Western World

801

(4)

The Growth of Terrorism

805

(1)

Guest Workers and Immigrants

806

(1)

The Environment and the Green Movements

807

(1)

Western Culture Since 1945

807

(1)

Trends in Art

808

(1)

The World of Science and Technology

809

(1)

Varieties of Religious Life

810

(2)

The Explosion of Popular Culture

812

(1)

Conclusion

812

(1)

Chapter Notes

812

(1)

Suggested Reading

813

(2)

Challenges of Nation-Building in Africa and the Middle East

815

(36)

Uhuru: The Struggle for Independence in Africa

816

(2)

The Colonial Legacy

816

(1)

The Rise of Nationalism

817

(1)

The Era of Independence

818

(8)

Pan-Africanism and Nationalism: The Destiny of Africa

818

(1)

Dream and Reality: Political and Economic Conditions in Independent Africa

819

(1)

The Search for Solutions

819

(7)

Continuity and Change in Modern African Societies

826

(5)

Education

826

(1)

Rural Life

827

(1)

African Women

827

(2)

African Culture

829

(2)

Gathered at the Beach

831

(1)

Crescent of Conflict

831

(9)

The Question of Palestine

832

(1)

Nasser and Pan-Arabism

833

(1)

The Arab-Israeli Dispute

834

(3)

Revolution in Iran

837

(1)

Crisis in the Gulf

838

(1)

Conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq

839

(1)

Society and Culture in the Contemporary Middle East

840

(11)

Varieties of Government

840

(1)

The Economics of Oil

840

(2)

The Islamic Revival

842

(3)

The Role of Women

845

(1)

Literature and Art

846

(2)

Conclusion

848

(1)

Chapter Notes

848

(1)

Suggested Reading

849

(2)

Toward the Pacific Century?

851

(36)

South Asia

852

(9)

The End of the British Raj

852

(1)

Independent India

852

(3)

The Land of the Pure: Pakistan Since Independence

855

(1)

Poverty and Pluralism in South Asia

856

(3)

South Asian Art and Literature Since Independence

859

(2)

Gandhi's Vision

861

(1)

Southeast Asia

861

(7)

The Era of Independent States

861

(4)

Regional Conflict and Cooperation: The Rise of ASEAN

865

(1)

Daily Life: Town and Country in Contemporary Southeast Asia

866

(1)

Cultural Trends

867

(1)

A Region in Flux

867

(1)

East Asia

868

(19)

The Japanese Miracle: The Transformation of Modern Japan

868

(6)

The Little Tigers

874

(4)

On the Margins of Asia: Postwar Australia and New Zealand

878

(1)

Explaining the East Asian Miracle

879

(1)

Conclusion

880

(1)

Chapter Notes

881

(1)

Suggested Reading

881

(6)

Glossary

887

(12)

Pronunciation Guide

899

(11)

Credits

910

(13)

Index

923

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World History

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials