Writer’s Harbrace Handbook with APA Update Card

, by Miller, Robert Keith; Webb, Suzanne Strobeck; Horner, Winifred Bryan

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ISBN: 9780838408261 | 0838408265
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/7/2002

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$90.00

Supplemental Materials

Writing

Reading and Writing Critically

(37)

Reading and writing as processes

(2)

Active readers and writers

(8)

Keeping a writing and reading inventory

(2)

Keeping a reading journal

(1)

Using college resources

(4)

Reading syllabi and assignment sheets carefully

(3)

Understanding syllabi and course requirements

(1)

Analyzing a writing assignment

(2)

Previewing a text

(4)

Distinguishing between content of a text and personal response to a text

(3)

Understanding content

(2)

Recognizing a personal response

(1)

Credibility and writing

(2)

Purpose, audience, and context in writing

(14)

Purpose

(3)

Audience

(7)

Context

(3)

Planning and Drafting Essays pln/dft

(33)

Finding appropriate subjects

(11)

Searching for a subject

(7)

Focusing on the topic

(3)

Establishing a thesis

(4)

The thesis statement

(3)

The main idea

(1)

Arranging ideas

(4)

Informal working plans

(1)

Formal outlines

(2)

Drafting with well-developed paragraphs

(4)

Developing a paragraph with details

(1)

Developing a paragraph by providing examples

(1)

Strategies of development

(8)

Narration

(1)

Description

(1)

Process

(1)

Cause or effect

(1)

Comparison or contrast

(1)

Classification or division

(1)

Definition

(1)

The first draft

(2)

Revising and Editing Essays rev/ed

(45)

Revision

(4)

Considering everything in the essay

(1)

Considering anything omitted from the essay

(1)

Considering tone

(2)

Introductions, conclusions, and titles

(6)

Introductions

(3)

Conclusions

(2)

Titles

(1)

Unified and coherent paragraphs

(8)

Topic sentence and the main idea

(2)

Paragraph unity and the main idea

(2)

Coherence

(2)

Linking sentences through grammar

(2)

Transitions within and between paragraphs

(5)

Using pronouns to help establish links

(1)

Repeating words, phrases, or ideas

(1)

Using conjunctions and other transitional expressions

(3)

Sharing your work with others

(12)

Defining evaluation standards

(1)

Explaining your purpose and concerns

(2)

Hearing responses to your work

(1)

Responding to the work of others

(1)

Peer review of a first draft

100

(8)

Editing

108

(3)

Proofreading

111

(2)

The final draft

113

(4)

Document Design des

117

(20)

Proper materials

118

(2)

Paper and binding

118

(1)

Electronic documents

118

(1)

Type, fonts, and justification

119

(1)

Clear and orderly arrangement

120

(6)

Layout

120

(1)

Indentation

120

(1)

Paging

121

(1)

Headings

122

(1)

Graphics

123

(3)

Electronic documents

126

(8)

E-mail

126

(2)

The World Wide Web

128

(6)

Proofreading

134

(3)

Writing Arguments arg

137

(43)

Different purposes

137

(2)

Different views

139

(2)

Distinguishing between fact and opinion

141

(3)

Establishing a position or claim

144

(3)

Scope of the claim

144

(1)

Kinds of claims

145

(2)

Developing an argument

147

(5)

Establishing the link between the support and the claim

147

(3)

Responding to diverse views

150

(2)

Types of appeals

152

(4)

Classical appeals

152

(2)

Rogerian appeals

154

(2)

Organizing an argument

156

(5)

Classical arrangement

157

(1)

Rogerian arrangement

158

(1)

Refutation and concessions

158

(2)

Separate reasons in separate paragraphs

160

(1)

Beginning with a different viewpoint

160

(1)

Conclusions

161

(1)

Understanding logic

161

(7)

Inductive reasoning

162

(1)

Deductive reasoning

163

(3)

The Toulmin method

166

(2)

Logical fallacies

168

(6)

Ad hominem

169

(1)

Appeal to tradition

169

(1)

Bandwagon

169

(1)

Begging the question

170

(1)

Equivocation

170

(1)

False analogy

170

(1)

False authority

170

(1)

False cause

170

(1)

False dilemma

171

(1)

Guilt by association

171

(1)

Hasty generalization

171

(1)

Oversimplification

171

(1)

Red herring

172

(1)

Slippery slope

172

(2)

Sample argument

174

(6)

Research: Finding and Evaluating Sources res

180

(36)

Seeking information

181

(4)

Availability of resources

182

(1)

Establishing a research routine

183

(2)

Focusing the subject and framing it as a question

185

(1)

Evaluating sources

186

(6)

Locating information efficiently

192

(20)

Accessing information in libraries

192

(15)

Navigating the World Wide Web

207

(5)

Field research

212

(2)

Working bibliography

214

(2)

Research: Using and Citing Sources cit

216

(126)

Establishing a purpose

218

(1)

Taking accurate notes

219

(4)

Integrating sources

223

(9)

Introducing and discussing sources

224

(1)

Incorporating direct quotations

225

(2)

Paraphrasing

227

(3)

Summarizing

230

(2)

Avoiding plagiarism

232

(5)

MLA-style documentation

237

(31)

Parenthetical citations

238

(9)

Listing the works cited

247

(21)

MLA-style paper

268

(37)

Revising, editing, and proofreading

269

(1)

Sample MLA research paper

269

(36)

The note style of documentation

305

(3)

APA-style documentation

308

(11)

Parenthetical citations

308

(2)

Reference lists

310

(9)

Sample APA research paper

319

(23)

Writing under Pressure pres

342

(11)

Deadlines

342

(1)

Strategies for overcoming writer's block

343

(2)

Essay tests

345

(8)

Scheduling

345

(1)

Reading instructions and questions

346

(2)

Organizing your response

348

(2)

Stating the main points

350

(1)

Answering the question

351

(1)

Revising and proofreading

351

(2)

Writing about Literature lit

353

(30)

Understanding literary terms

353

(7)

Terms for the elements of literature

354

(2)

Terms for different approaches to literature

356

(3)

The purpose of an essay about literature

359

(1)

Discovering and developing a topic

360

(4)

Exploring your personal response to literature

360

(1)

Generating ideas by considering cultural factors

361

(1)

Developing your subject

362

(1)

Rereading a work to improve understanding

362

(1)

Researching a literary topic

363

(1)

Essays about fiction

364

(2)

Essays about drama

366

(3)

Essays about poetry

369

(5)

Using proper form

374

(2)

Sample student paper

376

(7)

Writing for Work wk

383

(31)

E-mail

383

(3)

Memos

386

(1)

Business letters

387

(4)

Application letters

391

(3)

Resumes

394

(6)

Grant proposals

400

(14)

Grammar

Sentence Essentials se

414

(12)

Subjects and predicates

415

(1)

Verbs and predicates

416

(3)

Subjects, objects, and complements

419

(5)

Subjects of verbs

420

(1)

Objects of verbs

421

(2)

Subject and object complements

423

(1)

Word order

424

(2)

Phrases and Clauses ph/cl

426

(14)

Phrases

426

(6)

Noun phrases

426

(1)

Verb phrases

427

(1)

Verbal phrases

427

(1)

Prepositional phrases

428

(2)

Appositive phrases

430

(1)

Absolute phrases

430

(2)

Clauses

432

(5)

Independent clauses

432

(1)

Subordinate clauses

432

(4)

Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions

436

(1)

Sentence forms

437

(3)

Simple sentence

437

(1)

Compound sentence

437

(1)

Complex sentence

438

(1)

Compound-complex sentence

438

(2)

Sentence Fragments frag

440

(10)

Revising phrases written as fragments

442

(3)

Revising clauses written as fragments

445

(5)

Comma Splices and Fused Sentences cs/fs

450

(13)

Revising a fused sentence or a comma splice

453

(4)

Revising fused independent clauses with a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb

457

(2)

Divided quotations

459

(4)

Modifiers mod

463

(19)

Adjectives

464

(3)

Identifying adjectives by their endings

465

(1)

Adjectives used as subject or object complements

466

(1)

Adverbs

467

(3)

Adjectives and adverbs denoting degrees of comparison

470

(4)

The comparative form

473

(1)

The superlative form

473

(1)

The incorrect double comparative or superlative

474

(1)

Awkward or ambiguous modifiers

474

(1)

Placement of modifiers

475

(3)

Single-word modifiers

476

(1)

Prepositional phrases

476

(1)

Adjectival clauses

476

(1)

``Squinting'' constructions

476

(1)

Awkward constructions that split an infinitive

477

(1)

Dangling modifiers

478

(2)

Participial phrases

478

(1)

Phases containing gerunds or infinitives

479

(1)

Elliptical adverbial clauses

479

(1)

The incorrect double negative

480

(2)

Pronouns pro

482

(26)

Kinds of pronouns

483

(3)

Personal pronouns

483

(1)

Relative pronouns

484

(1)

Interrogative pronouns

485

(1)

Reflexive/intensive pronouns

485

(1)

Subjective, objective, or possessive case

486

(2)

Subjective

486

(1)

Objective

487

(1)

Possessive

488

(1)

Clause as determiner of pronoun case

488

(8)

Pronouns in compound constructions

488

(3)

When to use who or whom

491

(3)

Confusing constructions with who or whom

494

(1)

Pronouns after than or as

494

(1)

Objective form for the subject or object of an infinitive

495

(1)

Possessive form before a gerund

495

(1)

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

496

(6)

When the antecedent is a generic noun or indefinite pronoun

497

(2)

Joining words by and or by or or nor

499

(1)

Collective noun antecedents

499

(3)

Pronoun reference

502

(6)

Ambiguous or unclear references

503

(1)

Remote or awkward references

504

(1)

Broad or implied references

505

(1)

Impersonal it

506

(2)

Verbs v

508

(44)

Verb forms

509

(8)

Regular or irregular verbs

510

(1)

Auxiliary verbs to indicate tense or voice

511

(4)

The forms of be

515

(1)

Transitive, linking, or intransitive verbs

516

(1)

The conjugation of a verb

517

(8)

Tables that illustrate the important parts of a verb

518

(2)

Three principal parts of a verb

520

(4)

Participles in a predicate

524

(1)

Verb tense

525

(6)

Tense forms as time references

527

(2)

Logical sequence of tense

529

(2)

Voice and mood

531

(4)

Voice

531

(2)

Mood

533

(2)

Subject-verb agreement

535

(11)

Other words between the subject and verb

538

(1)

When subject and verb endings are not clearly sounded

538

(1)

Compound subjects joined by and

539

(1)

Subjects joined by either . . . or

539

(1)

Inverted word order or there + verb constructions

540

(1)

Using relative pronouns (who, which, that) as subjects

540

(1)

Indefinite pronouns (either, one, everybody, all, any, some, none)

540

(2)

Collective nouns and phrases

542

(1)

What as the subject of a linking verb

543

(1)

Titles of single works, words spoken of as words, and nouns plural in form but singular in meaning

543

(3)

Sit and set, lie and lay, and rise and raise

546

(2)

Unnecessary shifts in tense or mood

548

(4)

Effective Sentences

Sentence Unity: Consistency su

552

(7)

Clearly related ideas

552

(1)

Arranging details

553

(2)

Avoiding mixed metaphors and mixed constructions

555

(1)

Mixed metaphors

555

(1)

Mixed constructions

555

(1)

Faulty predication

556

(1)

Faulty predication in definitions

556

(3)

Faulty construction of definitions

556

(1)

Clear definitions

557

(2)

Subordination and Coordination sub/coor

559

(7)

Subordinating related short sentences

560

(3)

Adjectives and adjectival phrases

561

(1)

Adverbs and adverbial phrases

561

(1)

Appositives and contrasting elements

562

(1)

Subordinate clauses

562

(1)

Subordinating and coordinating main clauses

563

(1)

Subordinating less important ideas

563

(1)

Coordinating ideas of equal importance

563

(1)

Connecting ideas logically

564

(1)

Faulty or excessive subordination

564

(2)

Parallelism

566

(5)

Balancing similar grammatical elements

567

(1)

Parallel words and phrases

567

(1)

Parallel clauses

567

(1)

Parallel sentences

568

(1)

Clear parallel structures

568

(1)

Using parallel structures to establish a relationship between sentences

569

(1)

Parallel correlatives

570

(1)

Emphasis emp

571

(8)

Placement of important words

571

(1)

Periodic and cumulative sentences

572

(1)

Ascending order of importance for ideas

573

(1)

Active, forceful verbs

574

(2)

Active and passive voice

574

(1)

Action verbs and forceful linking verbs

575

(1)

Repeating important words

576

(1)

Inverting standard word order

577

(1)

Balanced sentence construction

577

(1)

Emphasis through sentence length

578

(1)

Variety var

579

(11)

Varying sentence length

580

(2)

Varying sentence beginnings

582

(2)

Adverb or an adverbial clause

582

(1)

Prepositional or verbal phrase

582

(1)

Connectives

583

(1)

Appositive, absolute phrase, or introductory series

583

(1)

Varying sentence structure

584

(2)

Complex sentence

584

(1)

Compound predicate

584

(1)

Appositive

585

(1)

Prepositional or verbal phrase

585

(1)

Additional conjunctions

585

(1)

Varying conventional subject-verb sequence

586

(1)

Varying sentence types

587

(3)

Diction

Good Usage usg

590

(15)

Dictionaries

592

(3)

Varying language according to audience, place, and purpose

595

(3)

Colloquial words

596

(1)

Slang

596

(1)

Regionalisms

596

(1)

Nonstandard and substandard usage

597

(1)

Archaic and obsolete words

597

(1)

Technical words

597

(1)

Clear, straightforward style

598

(1)

Inclusive writing

599

(6)

Sexist language

600

(2)

References to race and ethnicity

602

(1)

Sensitivity to ability, age, class, religion, occupation, and orientation

603

(2)

Exactness e

605

(12)

Accurate, precise word choice

605

(6)

Accuracy

605

(1)

Connotations

606

(1)

Specific, concrete words

607

(2)

Figurative language

609

(2)

Idiomatic expressions

611

(3)

Fresh expressions

614

(1)

Using first and second person

615

(2)

Conciseness con

617

(7)

Making every word count

617

(4)

Redundancy

617

(1)

Unnecessary words

618

(1)

Expletives

619

(2)

Revising to eliminate needless words

621

(1)

Necessary repetition

621

(1)

Elliptical constructions to eliminate repetition

622

(2)

Clarity and Completeness

624

(8)

Articles, pronouns, conjunctions, or prepositions

625

(2)

Omitted articles

625

(2)

Omitted conjunctions or prepositions

627

(1)

Complete verbs and auxiliaries

627

(1)

Complete comparisons

628

(1)

Intensifiers

628

(4)

Punctuation

The Comma

632

(20)

Before a coordinating conjunction linking independent clauses

633

(2)

After introductory words, phrases, and clauses

635

(3)

After an introductory clause preceding an independent clause

635

(1)

After introductory phrases preceding independent clauses

636

(2)

Separating parallel items such as those in a series

638

(2)

Separating words, phrases, and clauses in a series

639

(1)

Separating coordinate adjectives

639

(1)

With nonrestrictive and other parenthetical elements

640

(5)

Nonrestrictive clauses or phrases used as modifiers

641

(1)

Nonrestrictive appositives

642

(2)

Contrasted elements

644

(1)

Geographical names, items in dates, and addresses

644

(1)

Parenthetical expressions

645

(1)

Mild interjections and words used in direct address

645

(1)

Absolute phrases

645

(1)

For ease in reading

645

(3)

Unnecessary commas

648

(4)

Not between the subject and its verb or the verb and its object

648

(1)

Not after coordinating conjunctions

648

(1)

With only clearly parenthetical words and short phrases

649

(1)

Not with restrictive clauses, phrases, or appositives

649

(1)

Not before the first or after the last item of a series

650

(2)

The Semicolon

652

(5)

Connecting independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction

652

(3)

Separating elements that contain commas

655

(1)

Not with unequal grammatical parts

655

(2)

The Apostrophe

657

(6)

Showing possession for nouns and some indefinite pronouns

657

(3)

Singular nouns, indefinite pronouns, and acronyms

658

(1)

Plural nouns ending in -s

658

(1)

To show joint ownership or to make a compound noun possessive

658

(1)

Individual ownership

659

(1)

In time relationships, academic degrees, or before gerunds

659

(1)

With contractions and numbers

660

(1)

The plurals of letters, numbers, and words referred to as words

660

(1)

Misuse with personal pronouns and plural nouns

661

(2)

Quotation Marks ``''

663

(11)

Direct quotations, dialogue, and thoughts

663

(3)

Direct quotations

663

(1)

Not with indirect quotations

664

(1)

Quotations within quotations

664

(1)

Dialogue

665

(1)

Thoughts

666

(1)

Long quotations

666

(2)

Prose

666

(1)

Poetry

667

(1)

The titles of short works and subdivisions of books

668

(1)

Words intended in a special or ironic sense

669

(1)

Overusing quotation marks

670

(1)

To call attention to a cliche

670

(1)

To enclose yes or no in indirect discourse

670

(1)

To indicate questionable diction

670

(1)

Placement with other punctuation marks

670

(4)

Commas and periods

670

(1)

Semicolons and colons

671

(1)

Question marks, exclamation points, and dashes

672

(2)

The Period and Other Marks

674

(16)

The period

675

(1)

After a declarative or mildly imperative sentence

675

(1)

After some abbreviations

675

(1)

The question mark

676

(1)

The exclamation point

677

(1)

The colon

678

(2)

Preceding an explanation or summary, a series or a quotation

678

(1)

Separating figures in time references as well as between titles and subtitles

679

(1)

After the salutation of a business letter

680

(1)

In bibliographic data

680

(1)

The dash ---

680

(1)

Marking a sudden break in thought, an abrupt change in tone, or faltering speech

681

(1)

Setting off a parenthetical element for emphasis or clarity

681

(1)

After an introductory list or series

681

(1)

Parentheses ( )

681

(2)

Brackets [ ]

683

(1)

The slash /

683

(1)

Ellipsis points

684

(6)

Indicating an omission within a quoted passage

684

(3)

Indicating a reflective pause or hesitation

687

(1)

Indicating a pause at the end of a sentence

687

(3)

Mechanics

Spelling, the Spell Checker, and Hyphenation sp

690

(18)

Spell checkers

692

(1)

Spelling and pronunciation

693

(2)

Spelling words of similar sound

695

(3)

Contractions and possessive pronouns

695

(1)

Single words and two-word phrases

695

(1)

Singular nouns ending in -nce and plural nouns ending in -nts

696

(2)

Prefixes

698

(1)

Suffixes

698

(4)

Dropping or retaining a final e

699

(1)

Doubling a final consonant before a suffix

699

(1)

Changing or retaining the final y before a suffix

699

(1)

Retaining the final l before -ly

700

(1)

Adding -s or -es to form the plural of nouns

700

(2)

Confusion of ei and ie

702

(1)

Hyphenation

702

(6)

Linking two or more words to form a compound

703

(2)

Breaking a word at the end of a line

705

(1)

In lists of works cited

706

(2)

Capitals cap

708

(11)

Proper names, their abbreviations, and acronyms

709

(3)

Names and nicknames of persons or things and trademarks

709

(1)

Names of peoples and their languages

710

(1)

Geographical names

710

(1)

Names of organizations, government agencies, institutions, and companies

710

(1)

Names for days of the week, months, and holidays

710

(1)

Designations for historical documents, periods, events, and movements

711

(1)

Names of religions, of their adherents, and of holy days, titles of holy books, and words denoting the Supreme Being

711

(1)

Personifications

711

(1)

Words derived from proper names

711

(1)

Abbreviations and acronyms or shortened forms of capitalized words

712

(1)

Titles that precede a person's name

712

(1)

The first, last, and all major words in titles

713

(1)

The pronoun l and the interjection O

714

(1)

The first word of a sentence and of directly quoted speech

715

(1)

Unnecessary capitals

715

(4)

Common nouns

715

(1)

To indicate emphasis

716

(3)

Italics ital

719

(6)

Titles of publications

720

(1)

Foreign words and phrases

721

(1)

Names of legal cases

722

(1)

Names of specific ships, satellites, and spacecraft

722

(1)

Words, letters, or figures spoken of as such

722

(1)

Emphasized words

723

(2)

Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers ab/ac/n

725

(14)

Designations such as Ms., Mr., Mrs., Dr., St., Jr., Sr., and ll

725

(1)

Names of streets, cities, states, countries, continents, months, days of the week, and units of measurement

726

(1)

Addresses in correspondence

727

(1)

Abbreviations used when citing research

728

(3)

Abbreviations as words

731

(2)

Clipped forms

732

(1)

For time periods and zones

732

(1)

For the United States (U.S.) when used as an adjective

732

(1)

As initials in the names of individuals

732

(1)

For common expressions in Latin

733

(1)

Acronyms

733

(1)

Numbers

734

(1)

Special use of numbers

735

(4)

Specific time of day

735

(1)

Dates

735

(1)

Addresses

736

(1)

Identification numbers

736

(1)

Pages and divisions of books and plays

736

(1)

Decimals and percentages

736

(1)

Large round numbers

736

(1)

Numbers in legal or commercial writing

736

(3)

Glossary of Usage gu

739

(21)

Glossary of Terms gt

760

(35)

Copyrights and Acknowledgments

795

Index

(62)

English as a World Language Index

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