Yellowstone's Destabilized Ecosystem Elk

"The beloved Yellowstone National Park underwent a management shift in 1969 that drastically altered its landscape. This book comes at a time when scientific results are sometimes withheld so that they do not challenge policy positions. The author charges that Yellowstone-supported research has produced a faulty ecological paradigm, whether consciously or not, in order to maintain status quo of the Park's "natural-regulation" policy." "Wagner's ecosystem model of the Park's northern range focuses on a low-elevation region of the Park where a large herd of Rocky Mountain elk winters. His study spans 132 years of ecological, hydrologic, archaeological, photographic, and historic evidence and synthesizes the herd's impact over time."--BOOK JACKET.

Part I. A Yellowstone Synthesis

1. History of the Northern Range Dispute

3

(12)

Part II. Elk Population Changes and the Synthesis Design

2. The Census Period: 1923-2003

15

(14)

3. Prehistory to the 1880's

29

(11)

4. The First "Experiment": 1878-1923

40

(8)

5. The 132-Year Population Trajectory and Associated Synthesis Design

48

(11)

Part III. Elk Effects on Ecosystem Structure and Function

6. Influences on Upland System Structure I: Aspen Woodland

59

(32)

7. Influences on Upland System Structure II: The Sagebrush-Steppe Subsystem

91

(33)

8. Influences on Upland System Structure III: Conifers and Deciduous Shrubs

124

(17)

9. Influences on Upland System Structure IV: The Ungulate Guild

141

(31)

10. Influences on Riparian System Structure

172

(43)

11. Influences on Ecosystem Function I: Erosion, FREDERIC H. WAGNER AND RICHARD B. KEIGLEY

215

(16)

12. Influences on Ecosystem Function II: Historical Perturbations in Small Lake Basins, WAYNE L. HAMILTON

231

(28)

13. Influences on Ecosystem Function III: Bioenergetics

259

(14)

14. Influences on Ecosystem Function IV: Nitrogen Biogeochemistry

273

(7)

15. Synthesis

280

(27)

Part IV. The Role of Science in Policy Process

16. Why the Science Missed the Mark

307

(10)

17. The Science—Policy Interface

317

(18)

References

335

(24)

Index

359

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Yellowstone's Destabilized Ecosystem Elk Effects, Science, and Policy Conflict

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials