The Tobacco Wars

This timely book chronicles California's battle against the tobacco industry, focusing on Prop. 99, which raised the tobacco tax and became the world's largest tobacco control program.

Stanton A. Glantz is Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco

List of Figures and Tables

xiii

Preface

xv

Introduction

1

(6)

The Changing Environment of Tobacco

2

(2)

Recurring Themes

4

(1)

Conclusion

5

(2)

Beginnings: The Nonsmokers' Rights Movement

7

(26)

The Berkeley Ordinance

9

(1)

Proposition 5

9

(2)

The Tobacco Industry Joins the Battle

11

(5)

The $43 Million Claim

14

(2)

The Postmortem

16

(2)

Proposition 10

18

(3)

Going Local

21

(1)

The San Francisco Ordinance

22

(1)

The Tobacco Industry's Counterattack

23

(2)

Tobacco Control Advocates Mobilize

25

(1)

The Proposition P Campaign

26

(3)

Lessons from the Proposition P Campaign

29

(2)

Conclusion

31

(2)

Proposition 99 Emerges

33

(17)

The Idea

34

(1)

The Coalition for a Healthy California

35

(4)

The Legislative Effort

39

(7)

The CMA and the Tobacco Industry

46

(1)

The Napkin Deal

47

(2)

Conclusion

49

(1)

Beating the Tobacco Industry at the Polls

50

(26)

Locking in Money for Prevention

50

(2)

Organizing the Campaign

52

(2)

The Industry Campaign

54

(1)

Getting the Medical Providers to Buy In

55

(2)

Collecting the Signatures

57

(3)

Launching the Election Campaign

60

(4)

Putting the Issue before the Voters

64

(2)

The CMA's Quiet Withdrawal

66

(2)

The Fake Cop Fiasco

68

(5)

Reflections on the Industry's Defeat

73

(1)

Conclusion

74

(2)

Moving to the Legislature

76

(21)

The Tobacco Industry's Pricing Strategy

77

(2)

Conflicting Views of Health Education

79

(3)

A Hostile Legislative Environment

82

(2)

California's Fiscal Problems

84

(1)

Down the Legislative Path

85

(1)

The Coalition's Disintegration

86

(4)

The Governor's Budget

90

(3)

The Tobacco Industry's Legislative Strategies

93

(3)

Conclusion

96

(1)

Proposition 99's First Implementing Legislation

97

(23)

The Voluntary Health Agencies' Legislation

97

(3)

Other Significant Tobacco Education Legislation

100

(2)

The Child Health and Disability Prevention Program

102

(1)

Negotiations and Agreements

103

(5)

Project 90

108

(4)

The Battle over the Media Campaign

112

(2)

The Research Account

114

(1)

The Outcome

115

(2)

Conclusion

117

(3)

Implementing the Tobacco Control Program

120

(27)

Two Different Models

121

(3)

Leadership at DHS

124

(2)

The Media Campaign

126

(4)

The Local Lead Agencies

130

(3)

Encouraging Diversity

133

(4)

The Schools: A Different Approach

137

(4)

Early Leadership Problems

141

(1)

Monitoring and Accountability

142

(1)

Formalizing Noncooperation between DHS and the Schools

143

(1)

Conclusion

144

(3)

The Tobacco Industry's Response

147

(10)

The Industry and the Media Campaign

147

(6)

``It's the Law''

153

(1)

The Industry and the Schools

154

(2)

Conclusion

156

(1)

The Battle over Local Tobacco Control Ordinances

157

(25)

Beverly Hills

159

(1)

Lodi

160

(3)

Sacramento

163

(3)

The Escalating Fight over Local Ordinances

166

(4)

Long Beach

170

(2)

Placer County

172

(2)

The Sacramento Battle over Measure G

174

(2)

The Tobacco Industry's Plan: ``California's Negative Environment''

176

(1)

The Tobacco Industry and the California Public Records Act

177

(3)

Conclusion

180

(2)

Continued Erosion of the Health Education Account: 1990--1994

182

(30)

Early Postures

184

(1)

The CMA Position

185

(3)

Governor Wilson's Budget Cuts

188

(1)

The Tobacco Industry's Strategy

189

(1)

The Final Negotiations

190

(2)

AB 99 Emerges

192

(2)

The Governor Tries to Kill the Media Campaign

194

(3)

The First Litigation: ALA's Lawsuit

197

(4)

The 1992--1993 Budget Fight

201

(3)

Positioning for 1994

204

(3)

The Governor Kills the Research Account

207

(2)

Conclusion

209

(3)

Battles over Preemption

212

(34)

SB 376: The First Threat of Preemption

213

(2)

The Voluntary Health Agencies Accept Preemption

215

(2)

The Birth of AB 13

217

(1)

The Tobacco Industry's Response: AB 996

218

(2)

The View from outside Sacramento

220

(1)

AB 13 and AB 996 on the Assembly Floor

221

(1)

On to the Senate

222

(2)

The Philip Morris Plan

224

(2)

The Philip Morris Initiative

226

(3)

The Continuing Fight over AB 13

229

(2)

The Philip Morris Signature Drive

231

(1)

The Legislature Passes AB 13

232

(1)

AB 13 and Proposition 188

233

(1)

The Stealth Campaign

234

(3)

The ``No'' Campaign

237

(3)

The Wellness Foundation

240

(2)

The Federal Communications Commission

242

(2)

Conclusion

244

(2)

The End of Acquiescence

246

(24)

The Governor's 1994--1995 Budget

247

(2)

The Creation of AB 816

249

(1)

Objections to CHDP

250

(5)

The Hit List

255

(2)

The ANR-SAYNO Lawsuit

257

(1)

The Conference Committee Hearing

258

(2)

The CMA

260

(3)

Last-Minute Efforts to Stop AB 816

263

(2)

The Floor Fight

265

(1)

The Final Bill

266

(3)

Conclusion

269

(1)

The Lawsuits

270

(14)

Child Health and Disability Prevention

271

(2)

Comprehensive Perinatal Outreach

273

(1)

The Health Groups' Victory

274

(4)

The Lawsuit's Aftermath: SB 493 in 1995

278

(4)

The SB 493 Lawsuits

282

(1)

Conclusion

283

(1)

Doing It Differently

284

(46)

The Need for a Change

285

(4)

The December Meeting

289

(4)

The CMA

293

(2)

The Governor's Budget

295

(1)

Changes in the Legislature

296

(3)

The Coalitions Form

299

(3)

The ``Hall of Shame'' Advertisement

302

(4)

The Wellness Grant

306

(2)

The CMA House of Delegates Meeting

308

(3)

The Philip Morris Memo

311

(3)

The Governor's May Revision

314

(1)

Reaction to the Governor's New Budget

315

(3)

Attempted Restrictions on the Media Campaign

318

(1)

The Research Account

319

(2)

The Final Budget Negotiation

321

(3)

Engaging the Media

324

(3)

The End of the Diversions

327

(1)

Conclusion

328

(2)

Political Interference in Program Management

330

(37)

Squashing the Media Campaign

331

(3)

``Nicotine Soundbites''

334

(4)

Implementing Pringle's Pro-Tobacco Policies

338

(5)

Shutting Out the Public Health Community

343

(5)

The TEROC Purge

348

(2)

The Strengthened Advertisements

350

(3)

The 1998 Hearings

353

(1)

Trying to Control TEROC

354

(3)

Delayed Implementation of the Smoke-free Workplace Law

357

(2)

Pulling the Advertisements for Smoke-free Bars

359

(3)

The California Tobacco Survey: TCS ``Fires'' John Pierce

362

(3)

Conclusion

365

(2)

Lessons Learned

367

(14)

The Players

368

(2)

The Keys to Success: Ideas, Power, and Leadership

370

(1)

Ideas: Knowing What You Want

371

(3)

Power: Turning Ideas into Action

374

(2)

Leadership: Seizing Opportunities and Challenging the Status Quo

376

(2)

Conclusion

378

(3)

Appendix A. Organizations, Programs, and People Involved in Tobacco Control in California

381

(3)

Appendix B. Important California Tobacco Control Events

384

(3)

References

387

(40)

About the Authors

427

(2)

Index

429

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials