The Templars

The Templars were members of a medieval monastic order, later accused of denying Christ and other heresies. The Order was subject to a torturous inquisition period during the 14th century and ultimately dissolved. This is a unique collection of translated sources, which in addition to documenting the origins of the Order and the circumstances of its suppression and dissolution, examines the many and varied facets of its activities during the 12th and 13th centuries. It will be of interest to anyone interested in the medieval period, and is an invaluable source for those wanting to find out more about this most fascinating and enigmatic of institutions.

Malcolm Barber is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Reading.

Keith Bate was Senior Lecturer in Classics at the University of Reading.

Series editor's foreword

ix

Preface

x

Chronology

xiii

Notes

xv

Maps

xvi

Historical introduction

1

(24)

I: FOUNDATION AND PRIVILEGES

25

(1)

Foundation

25

(6)

William of Tyre (early 1180s)

25

(2)

Michael the Syrian (early 1190s)

27

(2)

Walter Map (between 1181 and 1193)

29

(1)

Ernoul (early 1190s)

30

(1)

The First Rule

31

(23)

Latin Rule of 1129

31

(23)

Initial doubts

54

(5)

Letter of Hugh `Peccator' to the Templars in the East (c. 1128)

54

(5)

Papal privileges

59

(8)

Omne Datum Optimum (29 March 1139)

59

(5)

Milites Templi (9 January 1144)

64

(1)

Militia Dei (7 April 1145)

65

(2)

II: WARFARE AND POLITICS

67

(1)

The Field army in action

67

(6)

French Rule (c. 1165)

67

(6)

Outremer

73

(20)

The attack on the Assassin envoy (1173): William of Tyre

73

(3)

The attack on the Assassin envoy (1173): Walter Map

76

(1)

Grant of the castle of Ahamant by King Amalric of Jerusalem (17 January 1166)

77

(1)

Jacob's Ford (Beit al-Ahzan): William of Tyre (1179)

78

(4)

Athlit (Pilgrims' Castle): Oliver of Paderborn (1217--18)

82

(2)

Rebuilding of the castle of Safad (1241--44)

84

(9)

Iberia

93

(4)

Grant of the castle of Granena by Raymond Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona and Provence (14 July 1130)

93

(2)

Grant of the castles of Monzon, Mongary, Chalamera, Barbara, Corbins and Remolins by Raymond Berenguer IV (27 November 1143)

95

(2)

Letters from the East

97

(8)

Geoffrey Fulcher, Preceptor of the Temple, to King Louis VII of France (1164)

97

(2)

Philip of Plessis, Master of the Temple, to Arnold, Abbot of Citeaux (19 June 1202)

99

(2)

Thomas Berard, Master of the Temple, to Amadeus of Morestello, Treasurer of the Temple in England (4 March 1260)

101

(4)

Crusading plans in the early fourteenth century

105

(6)

The report of James of Molay (1306--7)

105

(6)

III: RELIGIOUS AND CHARITABLE FUNCTIONS

111

(1)

Devotional literature and objects

111

(6)

The Vision of St Paul written for Brother Henry of Arcy (between c. 1160 and c. 1180)

111

(4)

Templar relics at Acre: Antonio Sicci of Vercelli (1 March 1311)

115

(2)

Religious life

117

(9)

French Rule (before 1187)

117

(7)

French Rule (between 1257 and 1267)

124

(2)

Pilgrims and hospitals

126

(5)

Financing a pilgrimage from Zaragoza (October 1135)

126

(1)

The pilgrimage of Pons Lautier of Colonzelle (June 1160)

126

(1)

Grant of a hospital and chapel near Testona (undated, but perhaps 1196)

127

(1)

Carriage of pilgrims from Marseille (3 October 1233)

128

(3)

Churches

131

(3)

Grant of the right to celebrate offices in an area under interdict within the diocese of Angers (probably between 1144 and 1149)

131

(1)

Anticipatory grant of churches in Portugal (April 1147)

132

(1)

Grant to maintain a priest and a lamp in the church at Santiago (November 1215)

133

(1)

Remembrance

134

(27)

Obituary of the Temple at Reims (1160s to 1307)

134

(27)

IV: HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCES

161

(1)

Donations and recruitment

161

(9)

The will of Alfonso I. King of Aragon and Navarre (October 1131)

161

(2)

Grant of Otardo (16 June C. 1145)

163

(1)

Grant in exchange for sustenance (22 May 1167)

163

(1)

The will of Raymond of Albas (5 March 1169)

164

(2)

Entry as lay brothers at Pertusa (December 1176)

166

(1)

Burial in Templar ground (August 1228)

167

(1)

Grant of Sulecin by Mrotsek (1244)

168

(2)

Economic development

170

(14)

Colonisation in Navarre (1134--50)

170

(1)

Grant of a deserted village in Castile (November 1146)

170

(2)

Tithe concession in the diocese of Zaragoza (15 July 1147)

172

(1)

Grant of serfs, confirmed by themselves (31 March and 4 April 1165)

172

(2)

The operation of mills on the River Aude (14 March 1166)

174

(2)

Agreement between the Templars and the Hospitallers over their respective rights in the crusader states (February 1179)

176

(2)

Irrigation rights in Huesca (May 1216)

178

(1)

Leasing of a tile factory (January 1242)

179

(1)

Colonisation by Moorish settlers at Villastar (15 July 1267)

180

(3)

Charter of a Genoese ship at Famagusta (25 February 1300)

183

(1)

Surveys

184

(17)

Inquest of the Templar lands in England (Essex) (1185)

184

(7)

Inventories of Templar property in Normandy (13 October 1307)

191

(10)

Financial services

201

(12)

Loan to William of Torre and his wife, Estefania (1180--88)

201

(2)

Gathering crusading taxes (24 July 1220)

203

(4)

Deposit of jewels by James I of Aragon at Monzon (20 February 1240)

207

(1)

Papal tenth deposited at the Temple in Paris (21 October 1281)

208

(1)

Loan to Robert of Artois (27 August 1281)

209

(4)

V: ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE TEMPLARS

213

(30)

Letter of Guigo, Prior of La Grande Chartreuse, to Hugh of Payns (c. 1129)

213

(2)

Bernard of Clairvaux, In Praise of the New Knighthood (1130s)

215

(12)

Letter of Peter the Venerable to Everard of Les Barres, Master of the Temple (c. 1150)

227

(3)

Pope Honorius III orders the prelates of Sicily to protect the Hospitallers and the Templars (24 November 1218)

230

(2)

Poem of Ricaut Bonomel (1265)

232

(2)

The reply of James of Molay to Pope Clement V concerning the proposal to unite the Orders of the Temple and the Hospital (1306--7)

234

(4)

William Le Maire, Bishop of Angers, Advice to the Council of Vienne (April 1312)

238

(5)

VI: THE TRIAL

243

(86)

Letter of Clement V to Philip IV (24 August 1307)

243

(1)

Order for the arrests (14 September 1307)

244

(5)

Letter of Clement V to Philip IV (27 October 1307)

249

(2)

Depositions of the Templars at Paris (October--November 1307)

251

(5)

Letter of Esquin of Floyran to James II of Aragon (21 January 1308)

256

(2)

Questions of King Philip IV to the masters of theology at the University of Paris and their reply (January--March 1308)

258

(5)

Report of John of Burgundy to King James II of Aragon (30 May 1308)

263

(9)

Episcopal inquiry at Clermont (4--10 June 1309)

272

(14)

Proceedings of the Papal Commission at Paris (November 1309 to June 1311)

286

(18)

Deposition of Ceccus Nicolai Ragonis of Lanzano, Templar serving brother (28 April 1310)

304

(5)

Papal bull, Vox in Excelso (22 March 1312)

309

(9)

Papal bull, Ad providam (2 May 1312)

318

(5)

Letter of the Hospitallers to King Philip IV (21 March 1313)

323

(1)

Letter of the Hospitallers to King Louis X (14 February 1316)

324

(5)

Bibliography

329

(6)

Index

335

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials