Converged Multimedia Networks

, by Bates, Juliet; Gallon, Chris; Bocci, Matthew; Walker, Stuart; Taylor, Tom

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ISBN: 9780470025536 | 0470025530
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/22/2006

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This book focuses largely on enabling technologies for network convergence. A principal aim is to show where parallel functions exist in fixed and mobile voice network architectures and to explain how these functions will be combined. The authors describe the components of a future converged architecture and consider the following key aspects: QoS Requirements, Proposed Solution Architectures, Protocol and Interface options, Underlying Network Issues and Security issues. The book also compares and describes initiatives from several standards bodies working to simplify to a clean architecture and a common set of protocols. The impact on a Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, the preferred method of transport for the core network, will be considered in detail.

Foreword.

Preface.

1 Introduction.

1.1 Motivation for Network Convergence.

1.2 The Core Network.

1.3 Legacy Service Requirements.

1.4 New Service Requirements.

1.5 Architectures.

1.6 Moving to SIP.

1.7 Growing Revenue.

1.8 Network Operators – Dealing with Convergence.

1.8.1 Scenario 1 – A Cable Operator.

1.8.2 Scenario 2 – A Video-on-demand Service Provider.

1.8.3 Scenario 3 – A High-speed Internet Service Provider.

1.8.4 Scenario 4 – A Mobile Operator.

1.8.5 Scenario 5 – A Fixed Network Operator.

1.8.6 Scenario 6 – The PSTN Operator.

1.9 Enabling Technologies for Converged Networks.

2 Call Control in the NGN.

2.1 NGN Network Architectures.

2.2 The Operation of Call Control.

2.3 Call Processing in the Legacy PSTN.

2.4 Call Processing in an NGN Call Agent.

2.5 The Basic Call State Machine.

2.5.1 The IN CS-2 Originating BCSM.

2.5.2 The IN CS-2 Terminating BCSM.

2.6 Call Signalling in the NGN and the Role of SIP.

2.6.1 A Brief Discussion of the SIP Architecture and Network Elements.

2.6.2 A Simple Call Set-up Using SIP Signalling.

2.6.3 Simple Call Clearing Using SIP Signalling.

2.6.4 SIP Redirection Servers and SIP Forking.

2.6.5 Privacy CLI and the SIP P-Asserted-Identity Header.

2.6.6 SIP Registration Procedures.

2.6.7 Routing SIP Messages, Record-oute, Route and via Headers.

Contents.

2.6.8 SIP Routing in Real Networks.

2.6.9 The P-Charging-Vector Header.

2.7 The SDP Protocol.

2.7.1 An Example Session Description.

2.7.2 The v =, o =, s = and t = Lines.

2.7.3 The m = Line (Media Announcement).

2.7.4 Static and Dynamic RTP/AVP Payload Types.

2.7.5 SDP Attribute Lines.

2.7.6 Building an SDP Answer to and SDP Signalling Conventions in SIP.

2.8 Media Transport Using RTP and RTCP.

2.8.1 The RTP Header.

2.8.2 The RTCP Protocol.

2.8.3 RTCP Reports.

2.8.4 RTCP Extended Reports.

2.8.5 RTP Port Numbers and Symmetric RTP.

2.9 Addressing Issues.

2.9.1 The SIP “tel-URI”.

2.9.2 Locating Telephone Numbers, ENUM.

2.10 Summary.

References.

3 Securing the Network and the Role of Session Border Gateways.

3.1 General Principles of Security and the NGN.

3.1.1 Security Assets.

3.1.2 Risk Analysis.

3.1.3 Common Pitfalls.

3.2 The Problem of Secrets.

3.2.1 Passwords.

3.2.2 Shared Secrets.

3.2.3 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).

3.3 IPSec.

3.3.1 Key Management.

3.3.2 Key Distribution.

3.4 Session Border Controllers and Session Border Gateways.

3.4.1 Functions of a Session Border Controller.

3.4.2 Session Border Gateways.

3.4.3 Gates and Pinholes.

3.4.4 Preventing Denial of Service Attacks with Session Border Gateways.

3.4.5 Additional Functions of Session Border Gateways and Session.

Border Controllers.

3.5 Protecting the PSTN Call Control Platforms in the NGN.

3.5.1 The Importance of Customer Access Type on Security.

3.5.2 SIP Security Mechanisms.

3.5.3 The Impact of the Threat Model on Control Plane Security.

3.6 Summary.

References.

Contents.

4 The NGN and the PSTN.

4.1 Circuits and What they Carry.

4.2 Signalling and Supervision.

4.2.1 Signalling and Supervision on the Access Link.

4.2.2 Inter-exchange Signalling and Supervision.

4.3 The Birth of the Call Agent.

4.3.1 History of an Idea.

4.3.2 Applying the Architecture.

4.4 Media Gateways.

4.5 A Look at Media Gateway Control Protocols.

4.5.1 SGCP and MGCP.

4.5.2 The Megaco/H.248 Protocol.

4.6 The Sigtran Protocols.

4.6.1 The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).

4.6.2 User Protocol Adaptive Layers.

4.7 Summary.

References.

5 Evolution of Mobile Networks and Wireless LANs.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 1G and 2G Mobile Networks.

5.3 Development of 3G.

5.4 Release 99 UMTS Architecture.

5.5 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).

5.6 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).

5.7 Release 4 UMTS Architecture.

5.7.1 Circuit-switched Domain.

5.7.2 Packet-switched Domain.

5.8 Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA).

5.9 Introduction to IMS.

5.9.1 The Proxy Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF).

5.9.2 The Interrogating Call Session Control Function (I-CSCF).

5.9.3 The Serving Call Session Control Function (S-CSCF).

5.9.4 IMS Subscriber Identities.

5.9.5 The Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF).

5.9.6 The Media Resource Function (MRF).

5.10 GPRS Access to IMS.

5.10.1 Creating a Session.

5.10.2 Authorisation and Reservation of an IP bearer.

5.10.3 Storage of Session Paths.

5.11 Broadband Data Wireless Access.

5.12 Wireless LAN Interworking.

5.12.1 3GPP Release 6 Integration of Wireless LANs.

5.13 Mobile TV and Video.

5.14 Related Work in other Standards Bodies.

5.14.1 ETSI.

Contents.

5.14.2 ITU-T.

5.14.3 ATIS.

5.14.4 IETF.

Summary.

Appendix.

3GPP Specifications.

3GPP Technical Specifications for MBMS.

MBMS Bearer Service (Distribution Layer).

MBMS User Service (Service Layer):.

IETF Specifications.

References.

6 Value-added Services.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Service Creation and Delivery Technologies.

6.2.1 Service Delivery in the PSTN.

6.2.2 SIP Application Servers.

6.2.3 Parlay.

6.2.4 Parlay X.

6.3 Service Orchestration.

6.3.1 IMS Model.

6.3.2 MSF Model.

6.4 Service Orchestration Examples.

6.4.1 Service Combination Example – IMS.

6.4.2 Conflict Resolution Example – MSF.

6.5 Service Delivery Platforms.

Summary.

References.

7 Core Network Architecture.

7.1 The Convergence Layer: Multiprotocol Label Switching.

7.1.1 Quality of Service in IP Networks.

7.1.2 MPLS Traffic Engineering and Traffic Management.

7.1.3 Signalling and Routing in MPLS Networks.

7.1.4 Protection, Restoration and Service Assurance in MPLS.

7.2 Virtual Private Networks.

7.2.1 Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks.

7.2.2 Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks.

7.3 Summary.

References.

8 Guaranteeing Quality of Service in the NGN.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Defining QoS.

8.3 QoS in IP Networks.

8.4 Traffic Engineering in the MPLS Core.

Contents.

8.5 Video Services.

8.6 Business VPN Services.

8.7 Extending QoS for VPN Services across Multiple Providers.

8.8 QoS and the PSTN.

8.9 QoS Architectures for PSTN Services.

8.9.1 A Simple DiffServ-based QoS Solution.

8.9.2 A Session Border Controller–based Solution with Explicit.

Reservations.

8.9.3 Bandwidth Manager–based Architectures.

8.10 The MSF Architecture for Bandwidth Management.

8.10.1 The Bandwidth Management Layer and Scaling the Network.

8.10.2 Interactions with the Underlying Network.

8.10.3 Handling Network Interconnect.

8.10.4 An Alternative Approach to Network Interconnect.

8.10.5 Signalling QoS Requirements.

8.10.6 Signalling QoS with SIP Preconditions.

8.10.7 Bandwidth Reservation Using the Diameter Protocol.

8.10.8 Challenging Cases and Responding to Network Failures.

8.10.9 A Call Set-up with Guaranteed QoS Using Bandwidth Managers.

8.10.10 End-to-end QoS, Spanning Multiple Networks.

8.10.11 Supporting IMS-based Networks.

8.11 Protecting the Network from Application Layer Overload.

8.11.1 Principles of Control Plane Overload.

8.11.2 Control Plane Overload Control in the PSTN.

8.11.3 An Overview of Control Plane Overload Control in the NGN.

8.11.4 Congestion Control Mechanisms Required for Black Phones and.

Access Gateways.

8.11.5 Trunking Gateway Overload Protection Mechanisms.

8.11.6 A Framework for SIP Overload Control.

8.11.7 A Protocol-independent Approach (GOCAP).

8.12 Summary.

References.

Index.

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