Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal

Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is an indispensable reference for radiologists and orthopedists and will also be of interest to rheumatologists, physical therapists, and physicians in sports medicine.

Rethy Chhem and Etienne Cardinal are the authors of Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound, published by Wiley.

Foreword

xiii

Preface

xv

Contributors

xvii

Shoulder: Nonrotator Cuff Disorders

1

(38)

Barbara Riederer

Rethy K. Chhem

Etienne Cardinal

Philippe Petroons

Clinical Indications

1

(1)

Shoulder Masses

1

(1)

Soft-tissue Injury

1

(1)

Arthritis

2

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

2

(4)

Articular Recesses and Synovial Membrane

2

(1)

Bone and Cartilage

2

(1)

Bursae

3

(1)

Labrum

4

(1)

Muscles

5

(1)

Suprascapular Nerve

5

(1)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

6

(1)

Glenohumeral Joint

6

(1)

Acromioclavicular Joint

6

(1)

Bursae of the Shoulder

6

(1)

Muscles and Tendons Other than the Rotator Cuff

6

(1)

Bone

7

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

7

(29)

Solid Mass

7

(3)

Cystic Masses

10

(5)

Traumatic Shoulder

15

(3)

Synovitis of the Shoulder

18

(4)

Causes of Synovitis

22

(14)

Bibliography

36

(3)

Shoulder: Rotator Cuff and Long Head of Biceps Tendons

39

(34)

Lisa M. F. Thain

Ronald S. Adler

Clinical Indications

39

(1)

Rotator Cuff

39

(1)

Long Head of Biceps

40

(1)

Postsurgery

40

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

40

(10)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

50

(4)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

54

(13)

Rotator Cuff

54

(6)

Biceps Tendon

60

(4)

Postoperative Tendon

64

(1)

Impingement

65

(1)

Power Doppler

66

(1)

Fluid

67

(1)

Pitfalls

67

(3)

Knowledge Base

67

(1)

Technical Factors

67

(1)

Patient Factors

67

(1)

Anatomic Factors

68

(2)

Ultrasound-Guided Procedures

70

(1)

Bibliography

71

(2)

Elbow

73

(34)

Antonio Bouffard

Kil Ho Cho

Etienne Cardinal

Rethy K. Chhem

Clinical Indications

73

(9)

Trauma

73

(1)

Soft-tissue Masses

74

(1)

Arthritis

74

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

75

(7)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

82

(2)

(1)

Medial

83

(1)

Lateral

83

(1)

Posterior

84

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

84

(20)

Tendon Pathology

84

(4)

Synovitis of the Elbow

88

(6)

Solid Masses

94

(2)

Cystic Masses

96

(8)

Bibliography

104

(3)

Wrist

107

(18)

Doohi Lee

Clinical Indications

107

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

107

(5)

Volar Aspect

107

(4)

Dorsal Aspect

111

(1)

Medial Aspect

111

(1)

Lateral Aspect

111

(1)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

112

(1)

Volar Approach

112

(1)

Dorsal Approach

113

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

113

(10)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

113

(3)

Tenosynovitis

116

(2)

Masses and Ganglion Cysts

118

(1)

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

119

(1)

Ligament Pathology

119

(1)

Loose Bodies

119

(2)

Foreign Bodies

121

(2)

Bibliography

123

(2)

Adult Hip

125

(36)

Etienne Cardinal

Rethy K. Chhem

Benoit Aubin

Clinical Indications

125

(2)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

127

(11)

(3)

Medial

130

(1)

Lateral

131

(5)

Posterior

136

(2)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

138

(3)

Anterior Approach

139

(1)

Medial Approach

139

(1)

Lateral Approach

140

(1)

Posterior Approach

140

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

141

(15)

Hip Joint Effusion or Synovitis

141

(1)

Periarticular Fluid Collections

142

(5)

Calcific Tendinitis (Periarthritis Calcarea)

147

(4)

Muscle Injury

151

(1)

Solid Mass

152

(4)

Bibliography

156

(5)

Knee

161

(52)

Rethy K. Chhem

Etienne Cardinal

Suphaneewan Jaovisidha

Syed Shujaat Ali

Clinical Indications

161

(2)

Sports Medicine

161

(1)

Rheumatology

162

(1)

Masses of the Knee

162

(1)

Miscellaneous Indications of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

162

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

163

(6)

Technical Guidelines and Protocols

169

(1)

Anterior Approach

169

(1)

Posterior Approach

169

(1)

Lateral Approach

169

(1)

Medial Approach

170

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

170

(38)

Tendon Lesions

170

(5)

Ligament Tears

175

(2)

Effusion and Synovitis

177

(10)

Diagnosis of Masses of the Knee

187

(21)

Bibliography

208

(5)

Ankle

213

(34)

Geert M. Vanderschueren

David P. Fessell

Marnix T. van Holsbeeck

Clinical Indications

213

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

213

(14)

(2)

Lateral

216

(1)

Medial

217

(1)

Posterior

217

(10)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

227

(1)

Anterior Approach

227

(1)

Lateral Approach

227

(1)

Medial Approach

228

(1)

Posterior Approach

228

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

228

(14)

Tendon Pathology

228

(2)

Anterior Ankle Pathology

230

(3)

Lateral Ankle Pathology

233

(3)

Medial Ankle Pathology

236

(3)

Posterior Ankle Pathology

239

(3)

Pitfalls

242

(1)

Bibliography

243

(4)

Muscle and Fascia

247

(34)

Cesare Romagnoli

Rethy K. Chhem

Etienne Cardinal

Clinical Indications

247

(2)

Trauma

247

(1)

Pain and Swelling

247

(1)

Mass

248

(1)

Neuromuscular Diseases

248

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

249

(2)

Structural Organization of Skeletal Muscle (Table 8.1)

249

(1)

Sonographic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

250

(1)

Sonographic Anatomy of Fascia

251

(1)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

251

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

252

(25)

Focal Muscle Abnormality: Muscle Fibers Discontinuity

252

(7)

Intramuscular Fluid Collection

259

(6)

Intramuscular Solid Mass

265

(5)

Acute Muscle Enlargement

270

(3)

Thickening of Fascia

273

(2)

Diffuse Muscle Abnormality

275

(2)

Bibliography

277

(4)

Bone

281

(30)

Rethy K. Chhem

Etienne Cardinal

Syed Shujaat Ali

C. Germain Beauregard

Clinical Indications

281

(1)

Soft-tissue Mass

281

(1)

Swollen Joint

281

(1)

Work-up on Focal Bone Lesion

282

(1)

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

282

(1)

Cortical Bone

282

(1)

Periosteum

282

(1)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

282

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

283

(26)

Periosteal Reaction

283

(1)

Alteration of ``Bone Surface''

284

(3)

Periosseous Soft-Tissue Mass

287

(1)

Synovial Masses

287

(1)

Periosseous Fluid Collection

288

(1)

Summary of Analysis of Ultrasonographic Features

288

(21)

Bibliography

309

(2)

Soft-Tissue Masses: An Algorithmic Approach

311

(14)

Etienne Cardinal

Nathalie J. Bureau

Rethy K. Chhem

Normal Sonographic Anatomy

312

(1)

Technical Guidelines and Protocol

312

(1)

Scanning

312

(1)

Dynamic Evaluation

312

(1)

Color and Power Doppler

313

(1)

Correlation

313

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

313

(9)

Pseudomasses

313

(1)

Solid Masses

314

(6)

Cystic Lesions

320

(1)

Algorithm for Imaging of Soft-tissue Masses

321

(1)

Bibliography

322

(3)

Soft Tissues in Pediatrics

325

(30)

Kamaldine Oudjhane

Clinical Indications

325

(1)

Technical Guidelines and Protocols

326

(1)

Diagnosis: Sonographic Features Analysis

327

(26)

Head and Neck

327

(4)

Chest/Abdomen (Table 11.7)

331

(4)

Limbs

335

(18)

Bibliography

353

(2)

Appendix Ultrasound-Oriented Anatomy

355

(28)

Index

383

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Guidelines and Gamuts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials