Voice and Articulation

This text offers students a chance to both learn and do. First, students read to discover how their vocal apparatus works and find ways to recognize a variety of speech patterns. Then, as they practice with the numerous and varied exercises provided in the text, they develop the skills needed for personal and professional success.

Preface

vii

I VOICE

1

(82)

Motivation And Expectation

3

(14)

Habit and Nature

4

(2)

Communication Apprehension

6

(2)

Prepare ... Prepare ... Prepare

8

(1)

Stages of Development

8

(2)

Vocal and Verbal Recidivism

10

(1)

Visualization

11

(1)

Negative Practice

11

(1)

Appropriateness

11

(6)

Breathing

17

(18)

Types of Breathing

18

(1)

The Anatomy of Respiration

18

(2)

Making Use of a Natural Process

20

(1)

The Pathway of Breath

21

(1)

Visualizing Breathing

22

(2)

Diaphragmatic Breathing for Speech

24

(7)

Breathiness

31

(4)

The Voice

35

(9)

Structure of the Larynx

36

(4)

Sound Production

40

(4)

Vocal Relaxation

44

(19)

Open Throat

45

(8)

Projection

53

(5)

Pitch

58

(5)

Common Voice Problems

63

(20)

Velar Problems

63

(5)

Assimilation Nasality

68

(4)

Excessive Vocal Tension

72

(11)

II SPEECH

83

(307)

The Production of Vowels

85

(49)

Sense Stimuli

86

(1)

Articulation

86

(1)

Vowels

87

(3)

Front Vowels

90

(9)

Review of Front Vowels

99

(2)

Central Vowels

101

(10)

Back Vowels

111

(10)

Diphthongs

121

(13)

The Production of Consonants

134

(54)

Consonant Classifications

137

(1)

Plosives

137

(9)

Fricatives

146

(8)

Fricative Sibilants

154

(4)

Lateral

158

(3)

Semivowels

161

(7)

Nasals

168

(9)

Syllabic Consonants

177

(7)

Three-Point Analyses of English Sounds

184

(4)

Pronunciation

188

(47)

Stress

188

(2)

Restressing

190

(1)

Misused Words

191

(1)

Assimilation

192

(7)

Explosion and Implosion

199

(9)

Syllable Omission and Addition

208

(1)

Anaptyxis

209

(1)

The Sneezing Error

210

(2)

Homographs

212

(1)

Metathesis and Haplology

213

(3)

Foreign Words

216

(1)

Frequently Mispronounced Words (1)

217

(1)

Frequently Mispronounced Words (2)

218

(1)

Tough Words to Pronounce

219

(16)

Vocal Dynamics

235

(33)

Stress

240

(8)

Slide

248

(4)

Pace or Tempo

252

(1)

Pause

253

(15)

Kinesics

268

(13)

Gesture

269

(1)

The ``When You Say It Don't Do It'' Principle

270

(4)

Countenance

274

(3)

Body Stance

277

(4)

Application to the Speech Occasion

281

(17)

Performance Occasions

282

(1)

Analysis of the Audience

282

(1)

The Introduction

283

(1)

Eye Contact

283

(1)

Motivated Movement (or the ``Frontal Assault'' versus ``Retrograde'')

284

(4)

Angles of Direction

288

(1)

Memorization versus Using Notes

289

(1)

Lecterns

290

(1)

Microphones

290

(1)

Rehearsal

291

(1)

Empathy

291

(1)

Taste

292

(6)

The Four Major Dialects of American English

298

(28)

New England

300

(7)

New York City

307

(7)

Standard Southern American English

314

(6)

General American

320

(6)

Stage Speech and Selected Foreign Accents

326

(64)

Standard Stage Speech

327

(4)

Cockney

331

(8)

Scottish

339

(5)

German

344

(9)

Spanish

353

(5)

Russian

358

(9)

APPENDIXES

A English Pronunciation For Asian-Language Speakers

367

(9)

Chinese

367

(4)

Japanese

371

(2)

Korean

373

(1)

Vietnamese

374

(2)

B News and Commercial Copy

376

(7)

C Voice and Speech Evaluation Forms

383

(7)

Glossary

390

(4)

Index of Names and Topics

394

(3)

Index of Authors and Selections

397

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Voice and Articulation

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials