Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB(R)

, by Gonzalez, Rafael C.; Woods, Richard E.; Eddins, Steven L.

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ISBN: 9780130085191 | 0130085197
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 1/1/2004

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For Image and Computer Vision, Image Processing, and Computer Vision courses. This is the first text that provides a balanced treatment of image processing fundamentals and an introduction to software principles used in the practical application of image processing. A seamless integration of material from the leading text, Digital Image Processing by Gonzalez and Woods and the Image Processing Toolbox from Mathworks, Inc. This text works in the MATLAB computing environment; the Toolbox provides a stable, well-supported set of software tools capable of addressing a broad spectrum of applications in digital image processing. The major areas covered include intensity transformations, linear and nonlinear spatial filtering, filtering in the frequency domain, image restoration and registration, color image processing, wavelets, image data compression, morphological image processing, image segmentation, regions and boundary representation and description, and object recognition.

Preface

Acknowledgements

xii

About the Authors

xiii

Introduction

(11)

Preview

(1)

Background

(1)

What Is Digital Image Processing?

(2)

Background on MATLAB and the Image Processing Toolbox

(1)

Areas of Image Processing Covered in the Book

(1)

The Book Web Site

(1)

Notation

(1)

The MATLAB Working Environment

(4)

The MATLAB Desktop

(2)

Using the MATLAB Editor to Create M-Files

(1)

Getting Help

(1)

Saving and Retrieving a Work Session

(1)

How References Are Organized in the Book

(1)

Summary

(1)

Fundamentals

(53)

Preview

(1)

Digital Image Representation

(2)

Coordinate Conventions

(1)

Images as Matrices

(1)

Reading Images

(2)

Displaying Images

(2)

Writing Images

(5)

Data Classes

(1)

Image Types

(1)

Intensity Images

(1)

Binary Image

(1)

A Note on Terminology

(1)

Converting between Data Classes and Image Types

(5)

Converting between Data Classes

(1)

Converting between Image Classes and Types

(4)

Array Indexing

(7)

Vector Indexing

(2)

Matrix Indexing

(5)

Selecting Array Dimensions

(1)

Some Important Standard Arrays

(1)

Introduction to M-Function Programming

(27)

M-Files

(2)

Operators

(9)

Flow Control

(6)

Code Optimization

(4)

Interactive I/O

(3)

A Brief Introduction to Cell Arrays and Structures

(2)

Summary

(1)

Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering

(43)

Preview

(1)

Background

(1)

Intensity Transformation Functions

(10)

Function imadjust

(2)

Logarithmic and Contrast-Stretching Transformations

(2)

Some Utility M-Functions for Intensity Transformations

(6)

Histogram Processing and Function Plotting

(13)

Generating and Plotting Image Histograms

(5)

Histogram Equalization

(3)

Histogram Matching (Specification)

(5)

Spatial Filtering

(10)

Linear Spatial Filtering

(7)

Nonlinear Spatial Filtering

(3)

Image Processing Toolbox Standard Spatial Filters

(9)

Linear Spatial Filters

(5)

Nonlinear Spatial Filters

104

(3)

Summary

107

(1)

Frequency Domain Processing

108

(33)

Preview

108

(1)

The 2-D Discrete Fourier Transform

108

(4)

Computing and Visualizing the 2-D DFT in MATLAB

112

(3)

Filtering in the Frequency Domain

115

(7)

Fundamental Concepts

115

(6)

Basic Steps in DFT Filtering

121

(1)

An M-function for Filtering in the Frequency Domain

122

(1)

Obtaining Frequency Domain Filters from Spatial Filters

122

(5)

Generating Filters Directly in the Frequency Domain

127

(9)

Creating Meshgrid Arrays for Use in Implementing Filters in the Frequency Domain

128

(1)

Lowpass Frequency Domain Filters

129

(3)

Wireframe and Surface Plotting

132

(4)

Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters

136

(5)

Basic Highpass Filtering

136

(2)

High-Frequency Emphasis Filtering

138

(2)

Summary

140

(1)

Image Restoration

141

(53)

Preview

141

(1)

A Model of the Image Degradation/Restoration Process

142

(1)

Noise Models

143

(15)

Adding Noise with Function imnoise

143

(1)

Generating Spatial Random Noise with a Specified Distribution

144

(6)

Periodic Noise

150

(3)

Estimating Noise Parameters

153

(5)

Restoration in the Presence of Noise Only---Spatial Filtering

158

(8)

Spatial Noise Filters

159

(5)

Adaptive Spatial Filters

164

(2)

Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering

166

(1)

Modeling the Degradation Function

166

(3)

Direct Inverse Filtering

169

(1)

Wiener Filtering

170

(3)

Constrained Least Squares (Regularized) Filtering

173

(3)

Iterative Nonlinear Restoration Using the Lucy-Richardson Algorithm

176

(3)

Blind Deconvolution

179

(3)

Geometric Transformations and Image Registration

182

(12)

Geometric Spatial Transformations

182

(5)

Applying Spatial Transformations to Images

187

(4)

Image Registration

191

(2)

Summary

193

(1)

Color Image Processing

194

(48)

Preview

194

(1)

Color Image Representation in MATLAB

194

(10)

RGB Images

194

(3)

Indexed Images

197

(2)

IPT Functions for Manipulating RGB and Indexed Images

199

(5)

Converting to Other Color Spaces

204

(11)

NTSC Color Space

204

(1)

The YCbCr Color Space

205

(1)

The HSV Color Space

205

(1)

The CMY and CMYK Color Spaces

206

(1)

The HSI Color Space

207

(8)

The Basics of Color Image Processing

215

(1)

Color Transformations

216

(11)

Spatial Filtering of Color Images

227

(4)

Color Image Smoothing

227

(3)

Color Image Sharpening

230

(1)

Working Directly in RGB Vector Space

231

(11)

Color Edge Detection Using the Gradient

232

(5)

Image Segmentation in RGB Vector Space

237

(4)

Summary

241

(1)

Wavelets

242

(40)

Preview

242

(1)

Background

242

(3)

The Fast Wavelet Transform

245

(14)

FWTs Using the Wavelet Toolbox

246

(6)

FWTs without the Wavelet Toolbox

252

(7)

Working with Wavelet Decomposition Structures

259

(12)

Editing Wavelet Decomposition Coefficients without the Wavelet Toolbox

262

(4)

Displaying Wavelet Decomposition Coefficients

266

(5)

The Inverse Fast Wavelet Transform

271

(5)

Wavelets in Image Processing

276

(6)

Summary

281

(1)

Image Compression

282

(52)

Preview

282

(1)

Background

283

(3)

Coding Redundancy

286

(23)

Huffman Codes

289

(6)

Huffman Encoding

295

(6)

Huffman Decoding

301

(8)

Interpixel Redundancy

309

(6)

Psychovisual Redundancy

315

(2)

JPEG Compression

317

(17)

JPEG

318

(7)

JPEG 2000

325

(8)

Summary

333

(1)

Morphological Image Processing

334

(44)

Preview

334

(1)

Preliminaries

335

(2)

Some Basic Concepts from Set Theory

335

(2)

Binary Images, Sets, and Logical Operators

337

(1)

Dilation and Erosion

337

(10)

Dilation

338

(3)

Structuring Element Decomposition

341

(1)

The strel Function

341

(4)

Erosion

345

(2)

Combining Dilation and Erosion

347

(12)

Opening and Closing

347

(3)

The Hit-or-Miss Transformation

350

(3)

Using Lookup Tables

353

(3)

Function bwmorph

356

(3)

Labeling Connected Components

359

(3)

Morphological Reconstruction

362

(4)

Opening by Reconstruction

363

(2)

Filling Holes

365

(1)

Clearing Border Objects

366

(1)

Gray-Scale Morphology

366

(12)

Dilation and Erosion

366

(3)

Opening and Closing

369

(5)

Reconstruction

374

(3)

Summary

377

(1)

Image Segmentation

378

(48)

Preview

378

(1)

Point, Line, and Edge Detection

379

(14)

Point Detection

379

(2)

Line Detection

381

(3)

Edge Detection Using Function edge

384

(9)

Line Detection Using the Hough Transform

393

(11)

Hough Transform Peak Detection

399

(2)

Hough Transform Line Detection and Linking

401

(3)

Thresholding

404

(3)

Global Thresholding

405

(2)

Local Thresholding

407

(1)

Region-Based Segmentation

407

(10)

Basic Formulation

407

(1)

Region Growing

408

(4)

Region Splitting and Merging

412

(5)

Segmentation Using the Watershed Transform

417

(9)

Watershed Segmentation Using the Distance Transform

418

(2)

Watershed Segmentation Using Gradients

420

(2)

Marker-Controlled Watershed Segmentation

422

(3)

Summary

425

(1)

Representation and Description

426

(58)

Preview

426

(1)

Background

426

(10)

Cell Arrays and Structures

427

(5)

Some Additional MATLAB and IPT Functions Used in This Chapter

432

(1)

Some Basic Utility M-Functions

433

(3)

Representation

436

(19)

Chain Codes

436

(3)

Polygonal Approximations Using Minimum-Perimeter Polygons

439

(10)

Signatures

449

(3)

Boundary Segments

452

(1)

Skeletons

453

(2)

Boundary Descriptors

455

(8)

Some Simple Descriptors

455

(1)

Shape Numbers

456

(2)

Fourier Descriptors

458

(4)

Statistical Moments

462

(1)

Regional Descriptors

463

(11)

Function regionprops

463

(1)

Texture

464

(6)

Moment Invariants

470

(4)

Using Principal Components for Description

474

(10)

Summary

483

(1)

Object Recognition

484

(30)

Preview

484

(1)

Background

484

(1)

Computing Distance Measures in MATLAB

485

(3)

Recognition Based on Decision-Theoretic Methods

488

(10)

Forming Pattern Vectors

488

(1)

Pattern Matching Using Minimum-Distance Classifiers

489

(1)

Matching by Correlation

490

(2)

Optimum Statistical Classifiers

492

(6)

Adaptive Learning Systems

498

(1)

Structural Recognition

498

(16)

Working with Strings in MATLAB

499

(9)

String Matching

508

(5)

Summary

513

(1)

Appendix A Function Summary

514

(13)

Appendix B ICE and MATLAB Graphical User Interfaces

527

(25)

Appendix C M-Functions

552

(42)

Bibliography

594

(3)

Index

597

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Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB(R)

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials