UK Drugs Unlimited : New Research and Policy

This book describes the diverse nature of contemporary drug use in Britain, from club kids to addicts. It investigates why current drug policy is floundering.

Howard Parker is Professor and Director of the Social Policy and Research Center. Judith Aldridge is Lecturer in Criminology and Social Policy, and Roy Egginton is Social Researcher, all at the University of Manchester.

List of tables

viii

List of figures

x

Acknowledgements

xi

Notes on the contributors

xii

Glossary

xiv

Introduction

xv

Unbelievable? The UK's Drugs Present

1

(13)

Howard Parker

Purpose

1

(1)

The comparative picture

2

(2)

The UK's first heroin `cycle'

4

(4)

The 1990s and the normalisation of recreational drug use

8

(2)

Waging war on drugs together

10

(1)

New Labour's drugs strategy (1998--2008)

10

(2)

Conclusion

12

(2)

Unenforceable? How Young Britons Obtain Their Drugs

14

(17)

Howard Parker

Purpose

14

(1)

Strong supply and availability

15

(1)

Methods

16

(2)

Adolescent recreational drug users

18

(6)

The dance club-dance drug scene

24

(1)

Dependent on drugs, dependent on dealers

25

(2)

Conclusions

27

(4)

Unconventional? Adolescent Drug Triers and Users in England

31

(20)

Roy Egginton

Judith Aldridge

Howard Parker

Purpose

31

(1)

Introduction

32

(1)

Method

32

(1)

Alcohol and tobacco use

33

(1)

Young people's access to drugs

34

(1)

Trying illicit drugs

35

(4)

Past month use

39

(2)

Distinguishing drug triers from users

41

(3)

Regular drug use

44

(2)

Comparing age cohorts

46

(1)

Unconventional? Risk and deviance factor analysis

46

(2)

Conclusion

48

(3)

Unpreventable? How Young People Make and Remake Drug Taking Decisions

51

(29)

Jon Breeze

Judith Aldridge

Howard Parker

Purpose

51

(1)

Introduction: drugwise youth

52

(3)

The qualitative methods

55

(2)

New social rites

57

(2)

Abstainers' journeys

59

(4)

Drug triers

63

(8)

Becoming drug users

71

(5)

Becoming a problem drug user

76

(2)

Conclusion

78

(2)

Unstoppable? Dance Drug Use in the UK Club Scene

80

(18)

Fiona Measham

Judith Aldridge

Howard Parker

Purpose

80

(1)

The going out, time out population

81

(1)

Profiles of the clubbing population

81

(2)

The nightclub fieldwork

83

(3)

The clubbers' nights out

86

(3)

The cost of clubbing

89

(3)

Pathways to regular dance drug use

92

(1)

Discussion

93

(5)

Unreachable? The New Young Heroin Users

98

(30)

Howard Parker

Roy Egginton

Nicola Elson

Purpose

98

(1)

Introduction

99

(1)

Attempting to monitor new heroin spread

99

(2)

Accessing `hidden' young heroin users

101

(2)

Demographic characteristics of the young heroin users

103

(1)

The social exclusion, `at risk' measures

103

(3)

Smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol and trying and use of illicit drugs

106

(2)

Damaged childhoods and adolescence?

108

(1)

Heroin careers: initiation, evolution and current use status

109

(2)

The Consequences and costs of heroin dependency

111

(6)

Problems with personal health

117

(6)

Reaching out and early interventions

123

(3)

Conclusion

126

(2)

Untreatable? Hidden Crack Cocaine and Poly Drug Users

128

(22)

Kevin Brain

Howard Parker

Tim Bottomley

Purpose

128

(1)

Crack cocaine prevalence in the UK

129

(1)

Challenging methods

130

(1)

Evolving crack careers

131

(5)

Rock repertoires, drug bills and drug crime connections

136

(4)

Contemplating and affecting `reform'

140

(3)

New recruits and new crack careers---continuity and change

143

(3)

New pathways into crack cocaine careers

146

(1)

Discussion

147

(3)

Unpredictable? Britain's Drugs Futures

150

(21)

Howard Parker

Judith Aldridge

Roy Egginton

Purpose

150

(1)

The forces of conservatism

151

(2)

The fate of UK drugs strategy

153

(9)

The missing elements

162

(2)

Institutionalised dishonesty

164

(1)

Monitoring and managing UK drugs more effectively

165

(6)

Bibliography

171

(7)

Index

178

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UK Drugs Unlimited : New Research and Policy Lessons on Illicit Drug Use

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials