Internetworking Ipv6 With Cisco Routers

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ISBN: 9780070228368 | 0070228361
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/1/1998

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A global internetworking guru delivers the hands-on guide to one of he industry's newest and most powerful partnerships the use of IPv6 (the new internet Protocol) with Cisco Routers (specialized computers designed solely to move data through the Internet). Step by step, Gai shows how to migrate from the old IPv4 to today's IPv6, and further reveals how to maximize IPv6 to transmit live audio, and video on demand. This is the first guide to the network layer protocol that will power the Internet and intranets in the next millennium.

Preface

Chapter 1 Overview

(22)

1.1 Why IPv6?

(4)

1.1.1 Why a New Address Scheme?

(3)

1.1.2 Best Effort: Is It Enough?

(1)

1.2 Requirements to Be Met by IPv6

(9)

1.2.1 An Address Space to Last Forever

(1)

1.2.2 Multicast and Anycast Addresses

(1)

1.2.3 To Unify Intranets and the Internet

(1)

1.2.4 Using LANs Better

(1)

1.2.5 Security

(1)

1.2.6 Routing

(1)

1.2.7 A Good Support for ATM

(1)

1.2.8 The Concept of Flow

(1)

1.2.9 Priorities

(1)

1.2.10 Plug and Play

(1)

1.2.11 Mobility

(1)

1.2.12 Transition from IPv4 to IPv6

(1)

1.3 Choice Criteria

(1)

1.4 The Path Toward Standardization

(2)

1.4.1 TUBA

(1)

1.4.2 IPv7, TP/IX, CATNIP

(1)

1.4.3 IP in IP, IPAE

(1)

1.4.4 SIP

(1)

1.4.5 PIP

(1)

1.4.6 SIPP

(1)

1.5 The Evaluation

(1)

1.6 The Final Decision

(1)

1.7 Conclusion

(4)

Chapter 2 An Overview of IPv6

(16)

2.1 Terminology

(1)

2.2 Architecture of a Network

(1)

2.3 Addresses and Names

(1)

2.4 Routers and Internetworking

(1)

2.5 The Routing Table

(1)

2.6 Layer 2 and Layer 3 Addresses

(2)

2.7 Neighbor Discovery

(2)

2.7.1 Router Advertisement

(1)

2.7.2 Router Solicitation

(1)

2.7.3 Routing Redirect

(1)

2.7.4 Neighbor Solicitation

(1)

2.7.5 Neighbor Advertisement

(1)

2.8 Encapsulation of IPv6 on LANs

(1)

2.9 Impact of IPv6 on Upper Layers

(1)

2.10 Modifications to Sockets

(2)

2.10.1 New Macro Definition

(1)

2.10.2 Definition of the Data Structure for IPv6 Addresses

(1)

2.10.3 The socket () Function

(1)

2.10.4 Interoperability

(1)

2.10.5 Mapping Names into Addresses and Vice Versa

(1)

2.10.6 Mapping Binary Addresses into ASCII Addresses and Vice Versa

(1)

2.11 Domain Name Service (DNS) Modifications

(1)

2.12 DHCP Servers

(2)

Chapter 3 IPv6 Headers

(18)

3.1 The IPv6 Header

(5)

3.1.1 Version

(1)

3.1.2 Priority

(1)

3.1.3 Flow Label

(1)

3.1.4 Payload Length

(1)

3.1.5 Next Header

(1)

3.1.6 Hop Limit

(1)

3.1.7 Source Address

(1)

3.1.8 Destination Address

(2)

3.1.9 Examples of IPv6 Packets

(1)

3.2 Extension Header

(10)

3.2.1 Extension Headers Order

(1)

3.2.2 Options

(1)

3.2.3 Hop-by-Hop Options Header

(1)

3.2.4 The Jumbo Payload Option

(1)

3.2.5 Routing Header

(1)

3.2.6 Fragment Header

(1)

3.2.7 The Fragmentation Process

(1)

3.2.8 Destination Options Header

(1)

3.2.9 No Next Header

(1)

3.2.10 Security Header

(1)

3.3 Size of IPv6 Packets

(2)

Chapter 4 IPv6 Addresses

(26)

4.1 The Addressing Space

(2)

4.2 Syntax of IPv6 Addresses

(2)

4.3 Types of IPv6 Addresses

(1)

4.4 The Addressing Model

(1)

4.5 Assignment of IPv6 Addresses

(1)

4.6 Unicast Addresses

(9)

4.6.1 Example of a Unicast Address

(1)

4.6.2 Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses

(1)

4.6.3 Geographic-Based Addresses

(1)

4.6.4 Link Local Addresses

(1)

4.6.5 Site Local Addresses

(1)

4.6.6 The Unspecified Address

(1)

4.6.7 The Loopback Address

(1)

4.6.8 IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses

(1)

4.6.9 NSAP Addresses

(2)

4.6.10 IPX Addresses

(1)

4.7 Anycast Addresses

(2)

4.8 Multicast Addresses

(5)

4.8.1 Predefined Multicast Addresses

(3)

4.9 Which Addresses for a Node?

(1)

4.9.1 Addresses of a Host

(1)

4.9.2 Addresses of a Router

(1)

4.10 The EUI-64 Interface Identifier

(2)

Chapter 5 ICMPv6

(20)

5.1 Protocol Overview

(1)

5.2 Packets Format

(1)

5.3 ICMP Message Transmission

(1)

5.4 Error Messages

(4)

5.4.1 Destination Unreachable

(1)

5.4.2 Packet Too Big

(1)

5.4.3 Time Exceeded

(1)

5.4.4 Parameter Problems

(1)

5.5 Informational Messages

(13)

5.5.1 Echo Request Message

(1)

5.5.2 Echo Reply Message

(1)

5.5.3 Group Membership Messages

(1)

5.5.4 Router Solicitation Message

(1)

5.5.5 Router Advertisement Message

(2)

5.5.6 Neighbor Solicitation Message

(1)

5.5.7 Neighbor Advertisement Message

(1)

5.5.8 Redirect Message

(2)

5.5.9 Options Format

(1)

5.5.10 Source/Target Link Layer Address Option

(1)

5.5.11 Prefix Information Option

(1)

5.5.12 Redirect Header Option

100

(1)

5.5.13 MTU Option

101

(2)

Chapter 6 Neighbor Discovery

103

(22)

6.1 Terminology

104

(1)

6.2 Link Types

105

(1)

6.3 Neighbor Discovery Service

106

(4)

6.3.1 Router and Prefix Discovery

106

(2)

6.3.2 The Address Resolution

108

(1)

6.3.3 Redirect Function

109

(1)

6.3.4 Other Functions

109

(1)

6.4 Data Structures of a Host

110

(3)

6.4.1 Neighbor Cache

111

(1)

6.4.2 Destination Cache

111

(1)

6.4.3 Prefix List

111

(1)

6.4.4 Default Router List

112

(1)

6.4.5 An Example of a Cache

112

(1)

6.4.6 Possible States Associated with Entries

112

(1)

6.5 Transmission Algorithm of a Packet

113

(2)

6.6 Neighbor Unreachability Detection

115

(1)

6.7 Address Autoconfiguration

116

(5)

6.7.1 Stateless Autoconfiguration

116

(2)

6.7.2 Site Renumbering

118

(1)

6.7.3 DHCPv6 and Stateful Autoconfiguration

119

(2)

6.7.4 Duplicate Address Detection

121

(1)

6.8 IPv6 on Ethernet

121

(4)

6.8.1 Frame Format

121

(1)

6.8.2 Link Local Addresses

122

(1)

6.8.3 Link Source/Target Addresses

122

(1)

6.8.4 Multicast Addresses

122

(3)

Chapter 7 The Routing in IPv6

125

(26)

7.1 Terminology

126

(1)

7.2 Network Model

127

(2)

7.3 Routing Algorithms

129

(5)

7.3.1 Static Routing

129

(1)

7.3.2 Metrics

130

(1)

7.3.3 Distance Vector

131

(1)

7.3.4 Path Vector

132

(1)

7.3.5 Link State

132

(1)

7.3.6 Redistribution

133

(1)

7.3.7 Multi-Protocol Routing

133

(1)

7.4 Routing in IPv6

134

(4)

7.4.1 RIPv6

134

(1)

7.4.2 OSPFv6

135

(2)

7.4.3 IDRPv2

137

(1)

7.4.4 Other Routing Protocols

138

(1)

7.5 Relationships between Addressing and Routing

138

(8)

7.5.1 Internet Structure

139

(1)

7.5.2 IPv4 Problems

140

(1)

7.5.3 The IPv6 Solution

140

(1)

7.5.4 Drawbacks for Users

141

(1)

7.5.5 Multihomed Routing Domains

142

(3)

7.5.6 Tunnel

145

(1)

7.5.7 Private Links

146

(1)

7.6 Multicast Routing

146

(1)

7.7 Intranet

147

(4)

Chapter 8 Security Features of IPv6

151

(16)

8.1 Security Features

153

(5)

8.1.1 Authentication Header (AH)

153

(1)

8.1.2 Authentication Techniques

154

(2)

8.1.3 Encrypted Security Payload (ESP)

156

(2)

8.2 Key Management

158

(2)

8.2.1 Manual Key Management

158

(1)

8.2.2 Automatic Key Management

159

(1)

8.3 Application of IPv6 Security Features

160

(5)

8.3.1 Private Virtual Networks

160

(3)

8.3.2 Application-Level Security

163

(1)

8.3.3 Routing Security

164

(1)

8.4 Future Directions

165

(2)

Chapter 9 IPv6 over ATM

167

(24)

9.1 Defined Aspects

170

(4)

9.1.1 LLC/SNAP Encapsulation

170

(2)

9.1.2 VC Multiplexing

172

(1)

9.1.3 AAL Type 5

173

(1)

9.2 Work in Progress

174

(7)

9.2.1 Neighbor Discovery

174

(2)

9.2.2 Address Autoconfiguration

176

(1)

9.2.3 ICMP Redirect

176

(1)

9.2.4 MARS (Multicast Address Resolution Server)

177

(1)

9.2.5 NHRP (Next Hop Resolution Protocol)

177

(4)

9.3 Alternative Approaches

181

(10)

9.3.1 IP Switching

181

(3)

9.3.2 Tag Switching

184

(3)

9.3.3 Other Approaches

187

(4)

Chapter 10 User Mobility in IPv6

191

(16)

10.1 Mobility Problems

192

(2)

10.2 Operation of a Mobile Host in IPv6

194

(1)

10.3 Examples of Operation of a Mobile Host in IPv6

195

(2)

10.4 Options Format

197

(5)

10.4.1 Binding Update Option

197

(2)

10.4.2 The Binding Acknowledgment Option

199

(1)

10.4.3 The Binding Request Option

200

(1)

10.4.4 The Home Address Option

201

(1)

10.5 Characteristics of Nodes

202

(1)

10.5.1 General Requirements

202

(1)

10.5.2 Router Requirements

202

(1)

10.5.3 Mobile Node Requirements

203

(1)

10.6 Transmission of Packets to a Mobile Node

203

(1)

10.7 Other Functions of Mobile Nodes

204

(3)

10.7.1 Mobility Detection

204

(1)

10.7.2 Multicast Traffic Handling

204

(1)

10.7.3 Home Again

205

(2)

Chapter 11 IPv6 and Multimedia Traffic

207

(20)

11.1 The Integrated Services Model

209

(2)

11.2 Coding of Multimedia Information

211

(1)

11.3 Reference Implementation

212

(3)

11.4 Traffic Control

215

(2)

11.4.1 The Packet Scheduler

215

(1)

11.4.2 Buffer Management

215

(1)

11.4.3 Packet Classification

216

(1)

11.4.4 Access Control

217

(1)

11.5 RSVP

217

(4)

11.5.1 Flowspec and Filterspec

219

(1)

11.5.2 Reservation Styles

219

(1)

11.5.3 Reservation by Receiver

220

(1)

11.5.4 The Soft-State Approach

220

(1)

11.5.5 Routing and Reservations

220

(1)

11.6 Integrated Services in an IP over ATM Architecture

221

(6)

11.6.1 The Service Model

223

(4)

Chapter 12 The Migration from IPv4 to IPv6

227

(14)

12.1 Tunneling

229

(4)

12.1.1 Alternative Tunneling Schemes

230

(2)

12.1.2 IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses

232

(1)

12.1.3 MTU

232

(1)

12.1.4 Hop Limit

233

(1)

12.1.5 Default Configured Tunnel

233

(1)

12.2 Dual Stack Approach

233

(1)

12.3 6-Bone

234

(7)

12.3.1 The 6-Bone Node at Politecnico di Torino

235

(1)

12.3.2 Registration to RIPE-NCC

236

(5)

Chapter 13 Cisco and IPv6

241

(16)

IPv6 in IOS(TM)

243

(4)

IPv6 commands

247

(6)

show ipv6 route

247

(1)

show ipv6 tunnel

248

(1)

show ipv6 neighbors

249

(1)

show ipv6 interface

249

(1)

show ipv6 traffic

250

(1)

traceroute ipv6

250

(1)

ping ipv6

250

(1)

ipv6 unicast-routing

250

(1)

interface tunnel

250

(1)

ipv6 address

251

(1)

ipv6 address ... eui-64

251

(1)

ipv6 unnumbered

251

(1)

ipv6 route

252

(1)

ipv6 mtu

252

(1)

ipv6 hop-limit

252

(1)

ipv6 auto-tunnel

252

(1)

RIP Protocol

253

(1)

BGP4+

253

(1)

ipv6 bgp redistribute connected

253

(1)

ipv6 bgp redistribute static

254

(1)

ipv6 bgp redistribute rip

254

(1)

ipv6 bgp neighbor

254

(1)

ipv6 bgp network

254

(1)

NAT

254

(3)

Appendix A Excerpts from RFCs

257

(12)

A.1 Routing Header Pseudo Code

257

(1)

A.2 Example of Routing Header Processing

258

(1)

A.3 Processing of ICMPv6 Packets

259

(1)

A.4 Addresses to Be Used During the Testing Phase

260

(3)

A.5 MTU of a Tunnel and Fragmentation

263

(1)

A.6 Transmission of IP Packets

264

(3)

References

267

(2)

Appendix B Analysis of IPv6 Packets

269

(10)

B.1 Introduction

269

(1)

B.2 Example of Decoding

269

(2)

B.3 TCP Packet

271

(1)

B.4 UDP Packet

272

(1)

B.5 Router Solicitation Packet

273

(1)

B.6 Router Advertisement Packet

274

(1)

B.7 Neighbor Solicitation Packet

275

(1)

B.8 Neighbor Advertisement Packet

276

(3)

Appendix C How to Obtain More Information

279

(4)

C.1 Author's Address

279

(1)

C.2 Author's WWW Address

279

(1)

C.3 Mailing List

279

(1)

C.4 Where You Can Find RFCs and Internet Drafts

280

(1)

C.5 The Playground Server

281

(1)

C.6 6-Bone

281

(1)

C.7 Other WWW Servers

282

(1)

Appendix D Glossary

283

(30)

Index

313

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Internetworking Ipv6 With Cisco Routers

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials