Polymer Materials Macroscopic Properties and

This book, which includes coverage of polymer material and mechanics basics, examines and applies a molecular approach to polymer mechanics to rigid polymer materials and methods for improving the toughening mechanisms of pure polymers. Based on two previous French-language books by the authors, this is more than a straight translation. The authors concentrate on a multi-scale approach from the macroscopic and the molecular levels (molecular motions in relation to chemical structure) to assess mechanical properties of polymer materials. This yields a detailed understanding of structure-property relationships and provides guidelines for designing new materials. The approach starts from experimental results on selected examples, with related theoretical features developed afterward.

JEAN-LOUIS HALARY, PhD, is a professor at the Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Polymers and Dispersed Media at ESPCI ParisTech. He has published book chapters and numerous articles in international journals, presented over 150 communications in conferences and laboratories, and is the holder of two patents. Dr. Halary has coauthored the books De la Macromolécule au Matériau Polymère and Mécanique des Matériaux Polymères.

FRANÇOISE LAUPR TRE, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at the University Paris 12–Val de Marne in the Laboratory of Polymer Research. She has published numerous articles in scientific journals and a number of book chapters, and has lectured in many international conferences. Dr. Laupr¿tre has coauthored the books De la Macromolécule au Matériau Polymère and Mécanique des Matériaux Polymères.

LUCIEN MONNERIE, PhD, is Professor and Honorary Director of Studies of the ESPCI ParisTech. He has published hundreds of articles in scientific journals as well as a number of book chapters, and has lectured at many international meetings. Dr. Monnerie is coauthor of Mécanique des Matériaux Polymères.

List of Symbols
Preface
Introduction to Polymer Materials
Chronological landmarks for polymers
The polymer chain
The key points of polymer synthesis
Major polymers
The lightness of polymer materials
Main mechanical aspects of polymer materials
Comprehensive survey of the polymer mechanical behaviors

The Four Classes of Polymer Materials
The Young modulus
Uncross-linked amorphous polymers
Semi-crystalline thermoplastics
Thermosetting polymers
Cross-linked elastomers
Conclusions
the Macromolecular Chain in the Amorphous Bulk Polymer: Static and Dynamic Properties
Conformational statistics of isolated polymer chains
Conformational energy calculations
Global properties of an isolated chain
Chain conformations in bulk amorphous polymers
Local dynamics of isolated chains
Local dynamics of a polymer chain in solution
Local dynamics in bulk polymers
Conclusions
Bibliography
The Glass Transition
Experimental studies
Molecular origin of the glass transition temperature
Overview of the glass transition temperature theories
Effect of the polymer architecture on the glass transition temperature
Effect of the polymer chemical structure on the glass transition temperature
Glass transition of random copolymers
Glass transition of polymer/plasticizer blends
Conclusions
Bibliography
Secondary Relaxations in Amorphous Polymers
Experimental evidences of a secondary relaxation
Identification of the motions which are responsible for the secondary relaxations
Motional cooperativity associated with secondary relaxations
Secondary relaxations of poly(methyl methacrylate) and some of its random copolymers
Secondary relaxation of neat and antiplasticized bisphenol-A polycarbonate
Secondary relaxations in neat and antiplasticized aryl-aliphatic epoxy resins
Conclusions
Bibliography
Entanglements in Bulk Uncross-Linked Polymers
Concept of entanglement
Experimental determinations of Me
Theoretical overview of chain dynamics
Relationships between entanglements and polymer chemical structure
Conclusions
Bibliography
SEMI-Crystalline Polymers
Experimental evidence of semi-crystalline state
Crystalline structure of polymers
Morphology of semi-crystalline polymers
Crystallization kinetics
Melting temperature of crystalline domains
Influence of the polymer chemical structure
Glass transition of semi-crystalline polymers
Conclusions
Bibliography

Elastic and Hyper-Elastic Behaviors
Definition and physical origin of an elastic behavior
Enthalpic elasticity (true elasticity)
Entropic elasticity (hyper-elasticity or rubber elasticity)
Conclusions
Bibliography
Linear Viscoelastic Behavior
Introduction and definitions
Transient mechanical measurements
Dynamic mechanical tests
Analogical mechanical models
Time (or frequency)-temperature equivalence principle
Examples of viscoelastic behavior
Conclusions
Bibliography
Anelastic and Viscoplastic Behaviors
Investigation of stress-strain curves
Yield criteria
Molecular interpretation of yielding
Specific behavior in the viscoplastic range
Inhomogeneous plastic deformation of semi-crystalline polymers
Conclusions
Bibliography
Damage and Fracture of Solid Polymers
Micromechanisms of deformation
Fracture mechanics
GIc and KIc determinations and values
Fatigue fracture
Molecular approach of fracture behavior
Conclusions
Bibliography

Mechanical Properties of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Some of Its Random Copolymers
Poly(methylmethacrylate)
Methyl methacrylate-co-maleimide random copolymers
Methyl methacrylate-co-N-cycohexylmaleimide random copolymers
Methyl methacrylate-co-N-methylglutarimide random copolymers
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mechanical Properties of Bisphenol-A Polycarbonate
Neat BPA-PC
Antiplasticized BPA-PC
Other tough polymers
Conclusions
Bibliography
Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins
Synthesis of epoxy resins
Molecular mobility in the solid state
Plastic behavior
Fracture behavior
Conclusion
Bibliography
Polyethylene and Ethylene--Olefin Copolymers
Synthesis and structural characteristics of PE and random ethylene--olefin copolymers
Morphology
Mechanical properties
Conclusions
Bibliography
High Modulus Thermoplastic Polymers
High modulus PE
High modulus polymers obtained from mesomorphous polymers
Conclusions
Bibliography

Mechanical Tests for Studying Impact Behavior
Mechanical tests
Fracture behaviors of toughened polymers
Bibliography
High Impact Polystyrene
HIPS synthesis
Characteristic behaviors and observations
Effect of the main parameters
Toughening mechanisms
Conclusion
Bibliography
Toughened Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)
Elaboration of RT-PMMA
Low strain rate behaviors and observations
High strain rate behaviors and observations
Toughening mechanism
Consequences of toughening mechanisms on formulation and behavior of RT-PMMA
Analysis of the dependence of toughening on temperature and strain rate
Conclusion
Bibliography
Toughened Aliphatic Polyamides
Polyamide-elastomer blends
Low strain rate behavior
Impact behavior and observations
Toughening mechanisms
Toughening by block copolymers
Conclusion
Bibliography
Toughened Epoxy Resins
Toughening by elastomer particles
Toughening of epoxy resins by thermoplastic polymers
Conclusion
Bibliography

Chemically Cross-Linked Elastomers
Main chemically cross-linked elastomers
Fracture testing techniques for elastomers
Fracture of non-crystallizing elastomers
Natural rubber
Conclusions
Bibliography
Reinforcement of Elastomers By Fillers
Different fillers and their characterization
Characteristics of the filler-elastomer system
Improvement of elastomer properties by fillers
Analysis of elastic modulus
Specific energy dissipation of filled elastomers
Fracture behavior
Conclusions
Bibliography
Thermoplastic Elastomers
Triblock copolymers with immiscible blocks
Multi-block copolymers
Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendix : Problems
Conformations of PP and PMMA (part 1)
PET (part 1)
Glass transition temperature of polybutadienes (part 1)
PA-6,6 (parts 1 and 2)
PMMA/PVDF blends (parts 1 and 2)
Blends of polystyrene and poly(dimethylphenylene oxide) (parts 1 and 2)
Bisphenol-A polycarbonate and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate (part 3)
Semi-aromatic polyamides (part 3)
ABS (part 4)
Rubber toughened poly(vinyl chloride) (RT-PVC)(part 4)
Determination of the molecular weight between cross-links in rubbery networks (parts 2 and 5)
Neat and silica-filled SBRs (part 5)
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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Polymer Materials Macroscopic Properties and Molecular Interpretations

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