The French Revolution

Owen Sergeson "Mike" Connelly Jr., who published as Owen Connelly, was an American historian who specialized in military history, especially the Napoleonic wars. He was Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus at the University of South Carolina. Fred Hembree is the author of The French Revolution, published by Wiley.

Foreword v

Introduction ix

1. The Old Regime To 1789 1

The Great Surprise 1

The Origins of French Absolutism 2

Eighteenth-Century France 4

The Financial Crisis 21

The Revolt of the Nobles 24

Preparations for the Estates-Genera 25

2. 1789 28

The Estates-General 28

Paris Erupts 33

Municipal Revolutions and the Great Fear 39

The Declaration of the Rights of Man 43

The Legislature and the Veto 44

3. Government by the National Assembly 46

The October Days 46

The Political Clubs 49

Nationalization of Church Property 50

Civil Constitution of the Clergy 53

Administrative and Judicial Reform 56

The Flight to Varennes 57

Massacre of the Champ de Mars 61

The Constitution of 1791 63

The Radicalization of the Revolution 65

4. The Fall of the Monarchy 67

The Legislative Assembly 67

War 68

The Tuileries 71

The September Massacres 74

The Battle of Valmy 77

The Convention 78

The Trail and Execution of Louis XVI 81

The Fall of the Girondins 84

5. The Reign of Terror 86

The Terror 86

The Republican Calendar 88

The Organs of the Terror 89

The Vendée 97

The Federalist Revolts 99

The Nation at War 101

Other Accomplishments 103

De-Christianization 105

Hébertists and Dantonists 109

Cult of the Supreme Being 111

Thermidor 113

6. The Directory and the Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte 116

The Thermidorian Reaction 116

Military Victory in the Vendée 118

Paris, the Convention, and the Constitution of the Year III 120

Thermidorian Last Acts: The Cultural Legislation 125

The Directory (1795-1799) 125

Napoleon Bonaparte 127

Brumaire 136

Conclusion 139

Bibliographical Essay 143

Index 157

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