Rural Planning in Developing Countries

By the end of 2006 the world carbon market could top $30 billion. HSBC, Volvo, and American Express are but a few of thousands of companies now offsetting their greenhouse gas emissions and becoming carbon neutral, fuelling a massive international volunta

Barry Dalal-Clayton is director for strategies, planning and assessment at the International Institute for Environment and Development.

List of figures, boxes and tables

ix

About the authors

xiii

Preface

xv

Acknowledgements

xvii

Authors' note

xviii

List of acronyms and abbreviations

xix

Introduction

1

(6)

Lessons from experience

7

(22)

Rural planning: perspectives, concepts and the objectives and roles of government

8

(1)

Experience of regional planning

9

(4)

A move to decentralized rural and regional planning

13

(1)

Focus on poverty and rural livelihoods

14

(6)

Sustainable livelihoods

14

(1)

Stakeholders

15

(5)

Land tenure

20

(2)

Security of tenure

20

(2)

Coordinating tenure incentives and disincentives

22

(1)

Rural-urban linkages

22

(7)

Income diversification

24

(1)

Migration

25

(1)

Implications for planning

26

(1)

The dilemma of planning for the urban--rural interface

27

(2)

Conventional, technical planning approaches

29

(61)

Resource surveys for planning

30

(5)

Land evaluation

35

(9)

Land capability classification

36

(2)

The USBR system

38

(1)

FAO framework for land evaluation

39

(2)

Parametric indices

41

(1)

Process models

42

(1)

Financial and economic evaluation

42

(2)

Strategic land evaluation

44

(1)

Land use planning

44

(16)

Sectoral plans

45

(1)

Land allocation procedures

46

(3)

Multiple criteria analysis

49

(1)

Resource management domains

50

(2)

Land use planning experience in developing countries

52

(3)

FAO guidelines for land use planning

55

(2)

Faith in negotiation

57

(3)

Impact assessment

60

(1)

Decentralized district planning

61

(7)

Some planning responses to the challenge of sustainable development

68

(15)

Techniques

68

(1)

National and regional planning exercises

68

(1)

Sustainable development strategies

68

(1)

National strategies

69

(3)

Sub-national strategies

72

(1)

Local-level strategies

73

(2)

Some common features of existing strategic planning processes

75

(1)

Guidance on strategies for sustainable development

76

(4)

A continual learning approach

80

(1)

Sustainable development indicators

80

(3)

Pros and cons of conventional approaches

83

(7)

Common limitations of natural resource surveys

83

(1)

Terms of reference

83

(2)

Comprehension

85

(1)

Usefulness

86

(1)

Inappropriate planning methods and inappropriate data: a failure of institutions

87

(3)

Approaches to participation in planning

90

(43)

The need for participation

90

(2)

Perceptions of participation

92

(6)

Horizontal and vertical participation

97

(1)

Participatory learning and action

98

(6)

Participatory planning

104

(23)

Examples of local-level resource planning

105

(3)

Scaling-up and linking bottom-up and top-down planning

108

(1)

Regional rural development

108

(3)

Rapid district appraisal (RDA)

111

(2)

Participatory approaches in large-scale projects

113

(1)

The catchment approach

114

(3)

NGOs as catalysts

117

(1)

The gestion de terroir approach in francophone West Africa

118

(2)

Participatory planning in Latin America

120

(1)

Approaches in the forestry sector

120

(3)

Landcare in Australia

123

(4)

Limitations of participation

127

(4)

The quality of information

127

(1)

Costs of participation

128

(2)

Great expectations

130

(1)

Dealing with power

130

(1)

Conclusions

131

(2)

A basis for collaborating

133

(52)

The natural resources battlefield

133

(1)

Constraints and opportunities for collaboration

134

(12)

Concepts and methods in collaborative management of natural resources

134

(2)

Stakeholders

136

(2)

Donors as stakeholders

138

(1)

Dealing with relationships and power

139

(3)

Prerequisites for collaboration

142

(1)

Political will

142

(1)

Renegotiation of roles

143

(1)

An enabling institutional environment

143

(1)

Capacity

143

(1)

Putting stakeholder participation into practice

144

(2)

Valuing resources

146

(10)

Differentiating goods and services

146

(1)

Classifying goods and services according to the concepts of welfare economics

146

(2)

Differentiating agriculture from natural resources

148

(1)

Market value of natural capital

148

(2)

Political values

150

(1)

Combination of different valuation methods

151

(1)

Combining PRA and economic methods

151

(1)

Commodity chain analysis

152

(2)

Linking resources to users

154

(1)

Forest resource accounting

155

(1)

Institutional support for rural planning

156

(4)

Institutional realities

156

(1)

Complex and poorly coordinated institutional framework

156

(1)

Incentives to maintain confusion

156

(2)

Poor public accountability

158

(1)

Inappropriate performance incentives

158

(1)

Unsatisfactory donors' strategies

158

(1)

Little absorption capacity

158

(2)

Promises and realities of decentralization

160

(7)

Promise 1: Devolution promotes participation, representation and empowerment of marginal groups

161

(1)

Promise 2: Devolution entails more equitable distribution of benefits and reduces poverty

162

(1)

Promise 3: Devolution entails more financial autonomy at the local level

163

(1)

Promise 4: Devolution improves local accountability

164

(1)

Promise 5: Devolution increases the effectiveness of LGUs in delivering goods and services

165

(2)

Better institutions to make rural planning and development work: possible ways forward

167

(18)

The resource/community level

167

(5)

The local government level

172

(1)

Assessing local institutional capacity

172

(2)

Autonomy to undertake development activities and modify local rules and institutions

174

(1)

Greater accountability of local institutions

174

(2)

Subsidiarity

176

(5)

Capacity development

181

(2)

The role of the central government

183

(2)

The way forward

185

(16)

Planning strategy

185

(1)

Principles of development planning

186

(3)

Natural resources surveys

189

(4)

Institutional support

193

(4)

Local (community) level

193

(1)

Local government level (eg district)

194

(1)

Intermediate level (eg province, region)

195

(1)

National level

195

(2)

Conclusions

197

(4)

Implications for donors

197

(3)

Uncertainties

200

(1)

References

201

(18)

Index

219

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Rural Planning in Developing Countries

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Rural Planning in Developing Countries

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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