Principles of Psychopharmacology for Mental Health Professionals

, by Kelsey, Jeffrey E.; Nemeroff, Charles B.; Newport, D. Jeffrey

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ISBN: 9780471254010 | 0471254010
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/23/2006

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Principles of Psychopharmacology for Mental Health Professionals addresses the current "split" model of mental health care, in which physicians provide pharmaco-therapy while non-prescribing practitioners oversee other services such as psychotherapy. Bringing these two areas together, this book familiarizes mental health professionals with the medications used to treat psychiatric disorders.

Preface

Faculty Disclosure

xvii

1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

(8)

Additional Reading

(2)

2 BASICS OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

(28)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.1.1 Learning the Language of Pharmacology

(1)

2.1.2 Overview

(1)

2.2 Normal Human Nervous System

(9)

2.2.1 Neuroanatomy: Structure of the Nervous System

(3)

2.2.2 Neurophysiology: Function of the Nervous System

(5)

2.3 Pathophysiology: Study of What Goes Wrong

(3)

2.3.1 What Goes Wrong

(1)

2.3.2 Why It Goes Wrong

(1)

2.4 Pharmacology

(10)

2.4.1 Introduction

(1)

2.4.2 Pharmacokinetics

(3)

2.4.3 Pharmacodynamics

(3)

2.4.4 Predicting Medication Effects

(1)

2.4.5 Predicting Drug Interactions

(2)

2.5 Putting It All Together

(2)

Additional Reading

(3)

3 MOOD DISORDERS

(60)

3.1 Introduction

(2)

3.2 Major Depressive Disorder

(29)

3.2.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

(1)

3.2.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

(1)

3.2.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

(1)

3.2.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

(4)

3.2.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

(14)

3.2.6 Current Approach to Treatment

(6)

3.2.7 Refractory Depression

(2)

3.3 Dysthymic Disorder

(3)

3.3.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

(1)

3.3.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

(1)

3.3.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

(1)

3.3.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

(1)

3.3.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

(1)

3.3.6 Current Approach to Treatment

(1)

3.3.7 Refractory Depression

(1)

3.4 Bipolar Disorders

(23)

3.4.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

(2)

3.4.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

(1)

3.4.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

(1)

3.4.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

(4)

3.4.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

(9)

3.4.6 Current Approach to Treatment

(7)

Additional Reading

(3)

4 SCHIZOPHRENIA

(30)

4.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

(3)

4.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

100

(1)

4.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

100

(2)

4.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

102

(5)

4.5 History of Treatment

107

(13)

4.6 Current Approach to Treatment

120

(4)

4.6.1 Prodromal Phase

120

(1)

4.6.2 Acute Phase

121

(2)

4.6.3 Maintenance Phase

123

(1)

4.6.4 Residual Phase

124

(1)

4.7 Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia

124

(1)

Additional Reading

125

(2)

5 ANXIETY DISORDERS

127

(50)

5.1 Introduction

127

(9)

5.1.1 History of Anxiety Disorders

127

(1)

5.1.2 Anxiety Symptoms

128

(1)

5.1.3 Brief Overview of the Anxiety Disorders

129

(1)

5.1.4 History of Pharmacological Treatment for Anxiety

130

(6)

5.2 Panic Disorder

136

(9)

5.2.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

136

(2)

5.2.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

138

(1)

5.2.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

138

(1)

5.2.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

139

(2)

5.2.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

141

(2)

5.2.6 Current Approach to Treatment

143

(2)

5.3 Generalized Anxiety Disorder

145

(7)

5.3.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

145

(1)

5.3.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

145

(1)

5.3.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

146

(1)

5.3.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

146

(2)

5.3.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

148

(3)

5.3.6 Current Approach of Treatment

151

(1)

5.4 Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

152

(7)

5.4.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

152

(1)

5.4.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

153

(1)

5.4.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

154

(1)

5.4.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

155

(1)

5.4.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

156

(2)

5.4.6 Current Approach to Treatment

158

(1)

5.5 Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

159

(8)

5.5.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

159

(1)

5.5.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

160

(1)

5.5.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

160

(1)

5.5.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

161

(1)

5.5.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

162

(4)

5.5.6 Current Approach to Treatment

166

(1)

5.6 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

167

(8)

5.6.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

167

(1)

5.6.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

168

(1)

5.6.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

169

(1)

5.6.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

170

(1)

5.6.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

171

(3)

5.6.6 Current Approach to Treatment

174

(1)

Additional Reading

175

(2)

6 SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS

177

(30)

6.1 Introduction

177

(3)

6.1.1 The Illness Model of Substance Abuse

177

(1)

6.1.2 Glossary of Terms

178

(2)

6.2 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

180

(3)

6.3 Prevalence and Risk Factors

183

(1)

6.4 Presentation and Clinical Course

184

(2)

6.5 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

186

(2)

6.6 History of Treatment

188

(2)

6.7 Current Approaches to Treatment

190

(2)

6.8 Alcohol Use Disorders

192

(6)

6.8.1 History of Treatment

192

(5)

6.8.2 Current Approach to Treatment

197

(1)

6.9 Cocaine Use Disorders

198

(2)

6.9.1 History of Treatment

198

(1)

6.9.2 Current Approach to Treatment

199

(1)

6.10 Nicotine Dependence

200

(1)

6.10.1 History of Treatment

200

(1)

6.10.2 Current Approach to Treatment

201

(1)

6.11 Opiate Use Disorders

201

(5)

6.11.1 History of Treatment

201

(4)

6.11.2 Current Approach to Treatment

205

(1)

Additional Reading

206

(1)

7 EATING DISORDERS

207

(24)

7.1 Introduction

207

(2)

7.2 Anorexia Nervosa

209

(8)

7.2.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

209

(1)

7.2.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

210

(1)

7.2.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

211

(1)

7.2.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

211

(2)

7.2.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

213

(3)

7.2.6 Current Approach to Treatment

216

(1)

7.3 Bulimia Nervosa

217

(7)

7.3.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

217

(1)

7.3.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

218

(1)

7.3.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

219

(1)

7.3.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

220

(1)

7.3.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

221

(1)

7.3.6 Current Approach to Treatment

222

(1)

7.3.7 Patients with Refractory Disease

223

(1)

7.4 Binge-Eating Disorder

224

(5)

7.4.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

224

(1)

7.4.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

225

(1)

7.4.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

225

(1)

7.4.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

225

(1)

7.4.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

226

(2)

7.4.6 Current Approach to Treatment

228

(1)

Additional Reading

229

(2)

8 ATTENTION DEFICIT–HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

231

(26)

8.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

231

(2)

8.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

233

(2)

8.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

235

(1)

8.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

236

(3)

8.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

239

(10)

8.6 Current Approach to Treatment

249

(6)

Additional Reading

255

(2)

9 SLEEP DISORDERS

257

(26)

9.1 Introduction

257

(3)

9.1.1 Normal Sleep

258

(1)

9.1.2 Overview of Sleep Disorders

259

(1)

9.2 Insomnia

260

(15)

9.2.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

260

(1)

9.2.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

261

(1)

9.2.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

262

(1)

9.2.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

262

(4)

9.2.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

266

(7)

9.2.6 Current Approach to Treatment

273

(2)

9.3 Narcolepsy

275

(6)

9.3.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

275

(1)

9.3.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

276

(1)

9.3.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

276

(1)

9.3.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

277

(1)

9.3.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

277

(3)

9.3.6 Current Approach to Treatment

280

(1)

Additional Reading

281

(2)

10 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS

283

(30)

10.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

283

(2)

10.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

285

(3)

10.2.1 Causes of Dementia

286

(1)

10.2.2 Risk Factors for Dementia

287

(1)

10.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

288

(1)

10.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

289

(4)

10.4.1 Initial Evaluation

289

(1)

10.4.2 Differential Diagnosis

290

(3)

10.5 History of Pharmacological Treatment

293

(10)

10.5.1 Overview and Current Theory

293

(1)

10.5.2 Historical Treatment Strategies

294

(1)

10.5.3 History of Dementia Reversal Treatments

295

(1)

10.5.4 History of Brain Protection Treatments

296

(1)

10.5.5 History of Cognitive Enhancement Treatments

297

(4)

10.5.6 History of Behavioral Management Treatments

301

(2)

10.6 Current Approach to Treatment

303

(7)

10.6.1 Current Treatment Options at Different Stages of Dementia

304

(1)

10.6.2 Current Options for Cognitive Enhancement

305

(1)

10.6.3 Current Options for Brain Protection

305

(1)

10.6.4 Current Options for Treatment of Behavioral and Emotional Problems

306

(4)

Additional Reading

310

(3)

11 PERSONALITY DISORDERS

313

(24)

11.1 Introduction

313

(4)

11.1.1 How Little We Know

313

(2)

11.1.2 Defining a Personality Disorder

315

(1)

11.1.3 Prerequisites to Beginning Treatment

316

(1)

11.2 Cluster A: Odd and Eccentric Personality Disorders

317

(5)

11.2.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

317

(1)

11.2.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

318

(1)

11.2.3 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

318

(2)

11.2.4 History of Pharmacological Treatment

320

(1)

11.2.5 Current Approach to Treatment

321

(1)

11.3 Cluster B: Dramatic and Emotional Personality Disorders

322

(9)

11.3.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

322

(1)

11.3.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

323

(1)

11.3.3 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

324

(2)

11.3.4 History of Pharmacological Treatment

326

(3)

11.3.5 Current Approach to Treatment

329

(2)

11.4 Cluster C: Anxious and Fearful Personality Disorders

331

(4)

11.4.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

331

(1)

11.4.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

332

(1)

11.4.3 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

332

(1)

11.4.4 History of Pharmacological Treatment

333

(2)

11.4.5 Current Approach to Treatment

335

(1)

Additional Reading

335

(2)

12 TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

337

(16)

12.1 Introduction

337

(4)

12.1.1 Brief Description and Diagnostic Criteria

337

(1)

12.1.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors

337

(1)

12.1.3 Presentation and Clinical Course

338

(2)

12.1.4 Initial Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis

340

(1)

12.2 Approaches to Treatment

341

(11)

12.2.1 Post-TBI Depression

341

(1)

12.2.2 Post-TBI Apathy

342

(2)

12.2.3 Post-TBI Mania

344

(2)

12.2.4 Post-TBI Psychosis

346

(1)

12.2.5 Post-TBI Anxiety

347

(1)

12.2.6 Post-TBI Dementia and Delirium

348

(1)

12.2.7 Post-TBI Behavioral Disturbances

349

(3)

Additional Reading

352

(1)

13 MANAGING SIDE EFFECTS

353

(30)

13.1 Introduction

353

(7)

13.1.1 Organizing This Discussion

353

(2)

13.1.2 Recognizing Side Effects

355

(3)

13.1.3 General Approach to Managing Side Effects

358

(2)

13.2 Norepinephrine-Related Side Effects

360

(3)

13.2.1 Side Effects of Norepinephrine-Boosting Medications

360

(2)

13.2.2 Side Effects of Norepinephrine-Blocking Medications

362

(1)

13.3 Dopamine-Related Side Effects

363

(8)

13.3.1 Side Effects of Dopamine-Boosting Medications

363

(2)

13.3.2 Side Effects of Dopamine-Blocking Medications

365

(6)

13.4 Serotonin-Related Side Effects

371

(5)

13.4.1 Side Effects of Serotonin-Boosting Medications

371

(4)

13.4.2 Side Effects of Serotonin-Blocking Medications

375

(1)

13.5 GABA-Related Side Effects

376

(1)

13.5.1 Side Effects of GABA Boosting Medications

376

(1)

13.5.2 Side Effects of GABA-Blocking Medications

377

(1)

13.6 Acetylcholine-Related Side Effects

377

(2)

13.6.1 Side Effects of Acetylcholine-Boosting Medications

377

(1)

13.6.2 Side Effects of Acetylcholine-Blocking Medications

378

(1)

13.7 Histamine-Related Side Effects

379

(4)

13.7.1 Side Effects of Histamine-Blocking Medications

379

(4)

Index

383

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Principles of Psychopharmacology for Mental Health Professionals

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials