Tools of American Mathematics Teaching,

From the blackboard to the graphing calculator, the tools developed to teach mathematics in America have a rich history shaped by educational reform, technological innovation, and spirited entrepreneurship.In Tools of American Mathematics Teaching, 1800--2000, Peggy Aldrich Kidwell, Amy Ackerberg-Hastings, and David Lindsay Roberts present the first systematic historical study of the objects used in the American mathematics classroom. They discuss broad tools of presentation and pedagogy (not only blackboards and textbooks, but early twentieth-century standardized tests, teaching machines, and the overhead projector), tools for calculation, and tools for representation and measurement. Engaging and accessible, this volume tells the stories of how specific objects such as protractors, geometric models, slide rules, electronic calculators, and computers came to be used in classrooms, and how some disappeared.

Peggy Aldrich Kidwell is curator of the mathematics collections at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Amy Ackerberg-Hastings is an associate adjunct professor of history at the University of Maryland University College. David Lindsay Roberts is an adjunct professor in the Department of Developmental Mathematics at Prince George's Community College.

Acknowledgments	p. ix
Introduction	p. xi
Tools of Presentation and General Pedagogy
Textbooks: Creating a National Standard	p. 3
The Blackboard: An Indispensable Necessity	p. 21
Standardized Tests: The Many Guises of Efficiency	p. 35
The Overhead Projector: Snapping the Class to Attention	p. 53
Teaching Machines and Programmed Instruction: A Lifeline in a Sea of Students	p. 69
Tools of Calculation
The Abacus: Palpable Arithmetic	p. 87
The Slide Rule: Useful Instruction for Practical People	p. 105
The Cube Root Block: Teaching "Evolution" in the Schools	p. 123
Blocks, Beads, and Bars: Learning Numbers through Manipulation	p. 139
Tools of Measurement and Representation
The Protractor: Acute Solutions for Obtuse Students	p. 165
Metric Teaching Apparatus: Making a Lasting Impression?	p. 181
Graph Paper: From the Railroad Survey to the Classroom	p. 196
Geometric Models: Ocular Demonstrations	p. 214
Linkages: A Peculiar Fascination	p. 233
Electronic Technology and Mathematical Learning
Calculators: From Calculating Machines to the Little Professor	p. 245
Minicomputers: Drill, Programming, and Instructional Games	p. 263
Early Microcomputers: The Lure of Novelty	p. 285
Graphing Calculators and Software Systems: The Media with a College Education	p. 302
Notes	p. 319
Index	p. 403
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Tools of American Mathematics Teaching, 1800-2000

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