Urinary Tract Infections Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Management

A comprehensive overview of clinically important infections of the urinary tract Urinary tract infections (UTIs) continue to rank among the most common infectious diseases of humans, despite remarkable progress in the ability to detect and treat them. Recurrent UTIs are a continuing problem and represent a clear threat as antibiotic-resistant organisms and infection-prone populations grow.

Urinary Tract Infections: Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Management brings the scientific community up to date on the research related to these infections that has occurred in the nearly two decades since the first edition. The editors have assembled a team of leading experts to cover critical topics in these main areas:

• clinical aspects of urinary tract infections, including anatomy, diagnosis, and management, featuring chapters on the vaginal microbiome as well as asymptomatic bacteriuria, prostatitis, and urosepsis
• the origins and virulence mechanisms of the bacteria responsible for most UTIs, including uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
• the host immune response to UTIs, the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, and the future of therapeutics

This essential reference serves as both a resource and a stimulus for future research endeavors for anyone with an interest in understanding these important infections, from the classroom to the laboratory and the clinic.

If you are looking for online access to the latest clinical microbiology content, please visit www.wiley.com/learn/clinmicronow.

Contributors ix

Foreword xvii

Preface xix

I. Clinical Aspects of Urinary Tract Infections

1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary Tract: Relation to Host Defense and Microbial Infection 3
Duane R. Hickling, Tung-Tien Sun, and Xue-Ru Wu

2 Clinical Presentations and Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections 27
Suzanne E. Geerlings

3 Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection 41
Paula Pietrucha-Dilanchian and Thomas M. Hooton

4 Urinary Tract Infections in Infants and Children 69
Theresa A. Schlager

5 The Vaginal Microbiota and Urinary Tract Infection 79
Ann E. Stapleton

6 Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Bacterial Interference 87
Lindsay E. Nicolle

7 Bacterial Prostatitis: Bacterial Virulence, Clinical Outcomes, and New Directions 121
John N. Krieger and Praveen Thumbikat

8 Urosepsis: Overview of the Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges 135
Florian M. E. Wagenlehner, Adrian Pilatz, Wolfgang Weidner, and Kurt G. Naber

II. Origins and Virulence Mechanisms of Uropathogenic Bacteria

9 Reservoirs of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli 161
Amee R. Manges and James R. Johnson

10 Origin and Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 179
Lisa K. Nolan, Ganwu Li, and Catherine M. Logue

11 Population Phylogenomics of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli 207
Jérôme Tourret and Erick Denamur

12 Virulence and Fitness Determinants of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 235
Sargurunathan Subashchandrabose and Harry L. T. Mobley

13 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Associated Exotoxins 263
Rodney A. Welch

14 Structure, Function, and Assembly of Adhesive Organelles by Uropathogenic Bacteria 277

Peter Chahales and David G. Thanassi

15 Pathoadaptive Mutations in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 331
Evgeni Sokurenko

16 Invasion of Host Cells and Tissues by Uropathogenic Bacteria 359
Adam J. Lewis, Amanda C. Richards, and Matthew A. Mulvey

17 Proteus mirabilis and Urinary Tract Infections 383
Jessica N. Schaffer and Melanie M. Pearson

18 Epidemiology and Virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae 435
Steven Clegg and Caitlin N. Murphy

19 Gram-Positive Uropathogens, Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infection, and the Emerging Microbiota of the Urinary Tract 459
Kimberly A. Kline and Amanda L. Lewis

20 Integrated Pathophysiology of Pyelonephritis 503
Ferdinand X. Choong, Haris Antypas, and Agneta Richter-Dahlfors

III. Host Responses to Urinary Tract Infections and Emerging Therapeutics

21 Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infection: Benefits and Hazards of the Antibacterial Host Response 525
Ines Ambite, Karoly Nagy, Gabriela Godaly, Manoj Puthia, Björn Wullt, and Catharina Svanborg

22 Innate Immune Responses to Bladder Infection 555
Byron W. Hayes and Soman N. Abraham

23 Host Responses to Urinary Tract Infections and Emerging Therapeutics: Sensation and Pain within the Urinary Tract 565
Lori A. Birder and David J. Klumpp

24 Drug and Vaccine Development for the Treatment and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections 589
Valerie P. O’Brien, Thomas J. Hannan, Hailyn V. Nielsen, and Scott J. Hultgren

Index 647

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