Annual Plant Reviews, The Moss Physcomitrella patens

, by Knight, Celia; Perroud, Pierre-Franç; ois; Cove, David

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ISBN: 9781405181891 | 1405181893
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/2/2009

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Commencing with a chapter which places Physcomitrella into phylogenetic position, this important publication then covers the following major topics. Population genetics, genome, transcripts and metabolomics, gene targeting, hormones, small RNAs, tip growth, chloroplasts, sporophyte development, desiccation and oxidative stress, sugar metabolism, and pathogenesis. With chapters contributed by many of the World's leading workers in the area, this landmark book is essential reading for all those studying plant evolutionary biology, genomics, molecular and cell biology and genetics.

Contributors	p. x
Preface	p. xiii
Glossary	p. xv
Putting Physcomitrella patens on the Tree of Life: The Evolution and Ecology of Mosses	p. 1
Introduction to Physcomitrella	p. 1
The position of P. patens on the Tree of Life	p. 2
Relationships within the mosses	p. 4
Evolution and ecology of the mosses	p. 6
General implications for evolutionary processes in mosses	p. 12
The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Bryophyte Model Systems	p. 16
Introduction	p. 17
Genetic variation among bryophyte populations	p. 17
Mapping genes underlying natural variants	p. 26
Assigning genes to phenotypes	p. 32
Comparative Genomics	p. 42
Introduction	p. 42
A short history of P. patens genomics	p. 47
Features of the P. patens nuclear genome	p. 52
Comparisons with seed plants and algae	p. 60
Computational resources for P. patens	p. 66
Conclusions and outlook	p. 67
Gene targeting	p. 76
Introduction	p. 76
Gene targeting in eukaryotes	p. 77
Gene targeting in P. patens: practical aspects	p. 81
Targeted gene replacement versus targeted insertion	p. 96
Mechanisms of gene targeting	p. 98
Unanswered questions and future prospects	p. 105
The Small RNAs of Physcomitrella patens: Expression, Function and Evolution	p. 113
Introduction to small RNAs	p. 113
Classes of small silencing RNAs	p. 114
Expression of P. patens small RNAs	p. 118
Biogenesis of P. patens small RNAs: Dicers, Slicers and other utensils	p. 127
Targets of P. patens small RNAs	p. 130
Evolution of plant miRNAs	p. 133
Conclusions	p. 137
Tip Growth in the Moss Physcomitrella patens	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Morphology and structure of a tip cell	p. 144
Environmental signals affecting polar cell elongation	p. 147
Cellular structural components involved in polar cell elongation	p. 149
Gametangia Development in the Moss Physcomitrella patens	p. 167
Introduction	p. 168
Development of the gametangia	p. 169
Development of the gametangia after fertilization is accompanied by growth of the sporophyte	p. 171
Gene-trap lines with GUS expression in the gametangia	p. 171
Future prospects	p. 173
Chloroplasts	p. 182
Chloroplasts of Physcomitrella patens	p. 183
Plastid DNA	p. 185
Transcription of plastid genes by two plastid RNA polymerases PEP and NEP	p. 189
Rhythmic expression of the plastid Psbd gene	p. 194
Post-transcriptional regulation in plastids	p. 196
Plastid transformation	p. 198
Chloroplast import	p. 199
Plastid division	p. 200
Chloroplast movement	p. 202
Carbon and Energy Metabolism	p. 211
Introduction	p. 211
Carbon and energy allocation	p. 213
Sucrose metabolism and transport	p. 217
Hexose metabolism and transport	p. 221
Energy homeostasis and Snf1-related kinases	p. 227
Conclusions	p. 239
Technical note on database searches and tree construction	p. 240
Hormonal Regulation of Development by Auxin and Cytokinin in Moss	p. 246
Major plant hormone routes are established in bryophytes	p. 247
Auxin	p. 249
Cytokinin	p. 256
Auxin and cytokinin interaction	p. 269
Other growth regulating substances	p. 270
The Role of Abscisic Acid in Stress Tolerance	p. 282
Introduction	p. 283
Tolerance of P. patens to abiotic stresses and the effects of ABA	p. 286
Physiological and morphological changes during the establishment of tolerance	p. 287
Expression of stress-related genes	p. 288
Global responses to stress at the transcription level	p. 291
The ABA-signalling pathway	p. 292
Conclusions	p. 293
Pathogenesis in Mosses	p. 298
Introduction	p. 299
Recent advances in molecular plant pathology	p. 300
Experimental advantages of P. patens	p. 304
Developing a P. patens pathosystem	p. 308
Responses of P. patens to infection	p. 318
Selecting P. patens genes for functional studies of disease	p. 321
Future directions and opportunities	p. 323
Index	p. 339
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Annual Plant Reviews, The Moss Physcomitrella patens

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Annual Plant Reviews, The Moss Physcomitrella patens

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