Brown Trout Biology, Ecology and Management

Brown Trout: Biology, Ecology and Management

A comprehensive guide to the most current research, history, genetics and ecology of the brown trout including challenging environmental problems

The brown trout is an iconic species across its natural European distribution and has been introduced throughout the World. Brown Trout offers a comprehensive review of the scientific information and current research on this major fish species. While the brown trout is the most sought species by anglers, its introduction to various waters around the world is causing serious environmental problems. At the same time, introduction of exogenous brown trout lineages threats conservation of native gene pools of populations in many regions. The authors summarize the important aspects of the brown trout’s life history and ecology and focus on the impact caused by the species. The text explores potential management strategies in order to maintain numerous damaged populations within its natural distributional range and to ameliorate its impacts in exotic environments. 

The authors include information on a wide-range of topics such as recent updates in population genetics, evolutionary history, reproductive traits and early ontogeny, life history plasticity in anadromous brown trout and life history of the adfluvial brown trout and much more. This vital resource:

• Contains the latest research on the biology and ecology of brown trout
• Includes information on phylogeography, genetics, population dynamics and stock management
• Spotlights the brown trout’s introduction to regions around the world and the serious environmental impacts
• Offers a comprehensive review of conservation and management techniques

Written for salmonid scientists and researchers, fishery and environmental managers, and students of population genetics, ecology and population dynamics, Brown Trout explores the most recent findings on the history, ecology and sustainability of this much-researched species.

About the Editors

Javier Lobón-Cerviá is Scientific Researcher, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain. He is Founder and Editor in Chief of the International Journal Ecology of Freshwater Fish, a Wiley publication.

Nuria Sanz is Scientific Researcher of the Ichthyology Laboratory of Genetics and Professor of Genetics of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain. She is Associate Editor of the International Journal Ecology of Freshwater Fish.

List of Contributors ix

Foreword xiii

Preface xv

Malcolm Elliott

1 Introduction 1
Javier Lobón�]Cerviá

Section 1 Phylogeography and Genetic Structure 15

2 Phylogeographic History of Brown Trout: A Review 17
Nuria Sanz

3 Genetics of the Genus Salmo in Italy: Evolutionary History, Population Structure, Molecular Ecology and Conservation 65
Andreas Meraner and Andrea Gandolfi

4 Understanding the Brown Trout Population Genetic Structure in the
Iberian Peninsula 103
J.L. García�]Marín, R.M. Araguas, M. Vera, and Nuria Sanz

5 Understanding Brown Trout Population Genetic Structure: A Northern�]European Perspective 127
L. Asbjørn Vøllestad

Section 2 Reproductive Traits and Early Ontogeny 145

6 The Velocity of Love. The Role of Female Choice in Salmonine Reproduction 147
Manu Esteve

7 Observations of Male Choice in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) from Lar National Park, Iran 165
Manu Esteve, Asghar Abdoli, Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo, Kiavash Golzarianpour, and Amir Abbas Ahmadi

8 Energetic Trade�]Offs Faced by Brown Trout During Ontogeny and Reproduction 179
Ole Kristian Berg and Ian A. Fleming

9 Impact of Embeddedness on Salmo trutta at Different Periods of their Early Ontogenesis 201
V. Bolliet and A. Bardonnet

Section 3 Life�]History 227

10 Habitat as Template for Life�]Histories 229
Bror Jonsson and Nina Jonsson

11 Life�]history Plasticity in Anadromous Brown Trout: A Norwegian Perspective 251
Jan Henning L’Abée�]Lund and L. Asbjørn Vøllestad

12 Life�]History of the Adfluvial Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Eastern Fennoscandia 267
A. Huusko, A. Vainikka, J.T. Syrjänen, P. Orell, P. Louhi, and T. Vehanen

Section 4 Population Dynamics 297

13 Discharge�]Dependent Recruitment in Stream�]Spawning Brown Trout 299
Javier Lobón�]Cerviá, Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen, and Erik Mortensen

14 Population Dynamics of Juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.), Recruitment, Mortality, Biological Production and Smolt Yield in Two Danish Baecks 319
Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen

15 Foraging Behaviour of Brown Trout: A Model Species For Linking Individual Ecology to Population Dynamics? 369
John J. Piccolo and Johan Watz

16 Competition Within and Between Year Classes in Brown Trout; Implications of Habitat Complexity on Habitat Use and Fitness 383
J. Höjesjö

17 Brown Trout on the Move – Migration Ecology and Methodology 401
Kim Aarestrup, Niels Jepsen, and Eva B. Thorstad

18 Sea Trout (Salmo trutta) in Galicia (NW Spain) 445
Pablo Caballero Javierre, Rufino Vieira�]Lanero, and Fernando Cobo Gradín

19 Sea Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Denmark 483
Gorm Heilskov Rasmussen and Stig Pedersen

Section 5 Brown Trout as a Global Invader 523

20 Brown Trout as an Invader: A Synthesis of Problems and Perspectives in North America 525
Phaedra Budy and Jereme W. Gaeta

21 The Introduction of Brown Trout to New Zealand and their Impact on Native Fish Communities 545
Peter Jones and Gerard Closs

22 The Effects of Brown Trout on the Trophic Webs of New Zealand Streams 569
Phillip G. Jellyman, Peter A. McHugh, Kevin S. Simon, Ross M. Thompson, and Angus R. McIntosh

23 Brown Trout in Argentina: History, Interactions and Perspectives 599
Miguel A. Casalinuovo, Marcelo F. Alonso, Patricio J. Macchi , and Jorge A. Kuroda

24 Africa: Brown Trout Introductions, Establishment, Current Status, Impacts and Conflicts 623
Olaf L.F. Weyl, Bruce R. Ellender, Phillip Ivey, Michelle C. Jackson, Denis Tweddle, Ryan J. Wasserman, Darragh J. Woodford, and Tsungai A. Zengeya

Section 6 Conservation and Management 641

25 Why Conserve Native Brown Trout? 643
John J. Piccolo, Günther Unfer, and Javier Lobón�]Cerviá

26 Fisheries Management of Stream�]Resident Brown Trout Populations – Possibilities and Restrictions 649
Günther Unfer and Kurt Pinter

27 Ecology and Management of Stream�]Resident Brown Trout in Michigan (USA) 667
Troy G. Zorn

28 History, Conservation and Management of Adfluvial Brown Trout Stocks in Finland 697
J.T. Syrjänen, A. Vainikka, P. Louhi, A. Huusko, P. Orell, and T. Vehanen

29 Brown Trout Management for the 21st Century 735
Kyle A. Young, P. Gaskell, T. Jacklin, and J.E. Williams

Index 771

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