Program Specialization

Renaud Marlet is senior researcher at école des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), head of the IMAGINE research group, and delegate director by interim of the Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard Monge (LIGM) for the école des Ponts ParisTech, France.

Foreword

Chapter 1. The principles of program specialization

1.1. Specialized programs

1.2. Specializing to improve performance

1.3. Automatic specialization

1.4. Main applications of specialization

1.5. Specialization times

1.6. Profitability of specialization

Chapter 2. Specialization techniques

2.1. The program transformations of specialization

2.2. Termination of specialization

2.3. Correction of specialization

2.4. Other forms of specialization

Chapter 3. Offline specialization

3.1. The main principles of offline specialization

3.2. Comparative interests of offline specialization vs. online specialization

3.3. The main ingredients of binding-time analysis

3.4. Static inputs that become dynamic

Chapter 4. Tempo, a specializer for C programs

4.1. A short history of Tempo

4.2. Breakthrough technologies

4.3. The architecture of Tempo

4.4. The economy of specializer engineering

4.5. Around Tempo

4.6. Other C specializers

Chapter 5. Applications

5.1. Applications in operating systems and networks

5.2. Applications to numerical analysis

5.3. Applications to compilation from interpreters

5.4. Applications to software architecture optimization

5.5. Specialization as a software engineering tool

Chapter 6. Precision of program analyses

6.1. Choosing the precision of a program analysis

6.2. Flow sensitivity

6.3. Speculative evaluation sensitivity

6.4. Data structure component sensitivity

6.5. Data structure instance sensitivity

6.6. Use sensitivity

6.7. Literal constant sensitivity

6.8. Intraprocedural vs. interprocedural analysis

6.9. Context sensitivity

6.10. Return sensitivity

6.11. Other forms of precision

6.12. Precision of existing specializers

Chapter 7. Reification: from values to terms

7.1. Different types of reification

7.2. Reification constraints

7.3. Reification of immutable data

7.4. Reification of unshared mutable data

7.5. Reification of shared mutable data

7.6. Reification of references

7.7. Sharing data between different execution times

7.8. Reification and binding times

Chapter 8. Incomplete program specialization

8.1. Constraints on the code to specialize

8.2. Specialization module vs. language module

8.3. Revising the expression of specialization

8.4. Calling context of a routine to specialize

8.5. Calling effects of external routines

8.6. Abstract modeling languages

8.7. Concrete modeling

Chapter 9. Exploiting specialization

9.1. Different exploitation modes

9.2. Invariant execution context

9.3. Optimistic specialization

9.4. Selecting a specialized routine by need

9.5. Selecting a specialized routine by anticipation

Chapter 10. Incremental specialization at runtime

10.1. Staging data availability

10.2. Incremental specialization models

10.3. Binding-time analysis for incremental specialization

10.4. Implementing incremental specialization at runtime

10.5. Comparative interest of iterated specialization vs. multi-level specialization

10.6. Related work

10.7. Enhancing incremental specialization at runtime

Chapter 11. Data specialization

11.1. Program specialization and loop unrolling

11.2. The general idea of data specialization

11.3. Data caching and binding time

11.4. Structuring the data specialization cache

11.5. Control flow and data specialization

11.6. Reconstructing control flow

11.7. Program specialization vs. data specialization

11.8. Experimental results

Chapter 12. Scientific perspectives

12.1. Improving the specialized code

12.2. Complexity of the specialization process

12.3. Simplifying the specialization process

12.4. Integration into a software engineering process

Chapter 13. Conclusion: from prototype to product

13.1. The race to performance

13.2. Changing viewpoint from performance to productivity

13.3. The difficult investment in software engineering

13.4. Niche uses

13.5. Developing a specialization platform

Appendix A. Programs and programming languages

14.1. Programs

14.2. Program semantics

14.3. Program equivalence

14.4. Program execution

14.5. Program performance

14.6. Program analysis

14.7. Program transformation

Bibliography

Table of figures

Index

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