How Children and Adolescents Evaluate Gender

This monograph is the report of an investigation of social exclusion in the contexts of friendship, peer groups, and school through interviews conducted with children and adolescents from four different ethnic groups. The research was guided by social-cognitive domain theory, social psychological, and developmental theories on intergroup relationships, and the findings supported the proposal that exclusion is multifaceted, involving a range of social and moral considerations.

Melanie Killen (University of Maryland) is Professor of Human Development and Associate Director of the Center for Children, Relationships, and Culture at the University of Maryland. She is co-editor (with Daniel Hart) of Morality in Everyday Life: Developmental Perspectives, co-editor (with Jonas Langer) of Piaget, Evolution, and Development, and editor of Children’s Autonomy, Social Competence and Interactions with Adults and Children. Her research area is social and moral development, including social reasoning about group inclusion and exclusion, implicit biases about groups, and cultural influences on development.

Jennie Lee-Kim (University of Maryland) is a doctoral student at the University of Maryland. Her dissertation is on how Korean-American children evaluate parental expectations regarding boys’ and girls’ peer activity preferences.

Heidi McGlothlin (University of Maryland) is a doctoral student at the University of Maryland. Her dissertation is on children’s implicit racial biases and the role of social experience on these types of biases.

Charles Stangor (University of Maryland) is Professor of Psychology at the University of Maryland. He is co-editor (with Neil Macrae and Miles Hewstone) of Stereotypes and Stereotyping and co-editor (with Janet Swim) of Prejudice: The Target’s Perspective. His research area is intergroup relations, with a focus on stereotyping and prejudice.

Abstract

vii

Introduction, Theoretical Background, and Prior Research

1

(26)

Goals and Aims of the Present Project

27

(12)

Method

39

(6)

Results

45

(39)

Discussion

84

(17)

Appendix A: Scenarios and Questions Used in the Interview

101

(6)

Appendix B: Summary of the Interview Protocol Design

107

(2)

References

109

(10)

Acknowledgments

119

(1)

Commentary Is it Ever Ok to Exclude on the Basis of Race or Gender?: The Role of Context, Stereotypes, and Historical Change

120

(10)

Charles C. Helwig

Contributors

130

(1)

Statement of Editorial Policy

131

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How Children and Adolescents Evaluate Gender and Racial Exclusion

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials