Cybercrime : The Investigation, Prosecution and Defense of a Computer-Related Crime

, by Clifford, Ralph D.; Moreau, Darlene Demelo; Miquelon-weismann, Miriam; Lamb, Dianna W.; Orton, Ivan

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ISBN: 9781594601507 | 159460150X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/30/2006

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"In this expanded edition, Clifford again leads a team of nationally known experts in cybercrime (gathered from the diverse fields of academia, private practice, and U.S. government) to unfold the legal mysteries of computer crime. The book explores the variety of crimes that involve computer technology and provides essential details on procedural and tactical issues associated with the prosecution and defense of a cybercrime. Its insightful writing will be of great interest to criminal prosecution and defense attorneys, law enforcement officers, and students of computer or modern criminal law."--BOOK JACKET.

Introduction

(10)

Ralph D. Clifford

Defining Cybercrime: A Review of State and Federal Law

(84)

Susan W. Brenner

Introduction

(1)

Cybercrimes: New Crimes or Old Wine in New Bottles?

(4)

Federal Cybercrime Legislation

(64)

Cybercrimes Where the Computer Is the Target

(1)

Hacking, Cracking, Fraud, Virus Dissemination and Extortion

(9)

Unauthorized Access to Stored Electronic Communications

(1)

Cybercrimes Involving Improper Communications

(1)

Sending Obscene, Abusive or Harassing Communications

(2)

Online Stalking, Harassment and Threats

(2)

Spam

(6)

Cybercrimes Involving Minors

(1)

Sexual Exploitation of Children

(8)

Sending Offensive Material to Minors

(3)

Transmitting Information about a Minor

(1)

Cybercrimes Involving Fraud and Other Traditional Misconduct

(1)

Mail and Wire Fraud

(3)

Fraud in Connection with Access Devices

(4)

Transporting Stolen Property

(1)

Identity Theft

(4)

Intellectual Property Crimes

(1)

(18)

Trademark Infringement

(2)

Trade Secret Infringement

(1)

State Cybercrime Legislation

(11)

Cybercrimes Where the Computer Is the Target

(1)

Hacking and Cracking

(2)

Denial of Service Attacks

(1)

Cybercrimes Involving Improper Communications

(1)

Cyberstalking

(1)

State Spam Laws

(1)

Cybercrimes Involving Minors

(1)

Cybercrimes Involving Fraud and Other Traditional Misconduct

(1)

Computer Forgery

(1)

Computer Fraud and Theft

(1)

Computer Extortion

(1)

Identity Theft

(1)

Cyberterrorism

(2)

Miscellaneous Cybercrime Offenses

(1)

Conclusion

(3)

The Investigation and Prosecution of a Cybercrime

(90)

Ivan Orton

Introduction to the Scenarios

(9)

Case 1---Janet Davis

(1)

Case 2---Mel Howard

100

(1)

Domain Hijacking

100

(3)

Massive File Deletions

103

(1)

Case 3---Allen Worley

104

(4)

Tracing E-mail

108

(3)

Obtaining Records from Third Party Record Holders

111

(12)

Electronic Communications Privacy Act

112

(1)

What Does the ECPA Cover?

112

(1)

What Does the ECPA Prohibit?

112

(1)

When Is a Disclosure to the Government Allowed?

112

(1)

Subscriber or Customer Records

112

(1)

Contents of Electronic Communications

113

(1)

What Is the Remedy for Violation of this Act?

114

(1)

Criminal Liability

114

(1)

Civil Liability

114

(1)

Suppression

114

(1)

Good Faith

115

(1)

Practical Issues

115

(1)

Limitations of Third Party Records

115

(1)

Do the Records Exist

115

(1)

Are the Records Useful

116

(1)

Do the Records Show What They Purport to Show

117

(1)

How to Obtain the Records

117

(2)

Contact the ISP and Then Serve the Warrant/Subpoena

119

(1)

The Case Scenarios

120

(1)

Case 1---Janet Davis

120

(1)

Case 2---Mel Howard

120

(2)

Case 3---Allen Worley

122

(1)

Search Warrants

123

(51)

Acquisition of Evidence

124

(1)

What Crimes?

124

(1)

What Computers?

124

(1)

Legal Limits on Searches

125

(1)

Federal Constitutional Limits

125

(1)

Does the Fourth Amendment Apply to the Situation?

125

(1)

Is There a Reasonable Expectation of Privacy?

125

(1)

Is Government Action Involved?

126

(1)

Searches by Non-Forum, State Law Enforcement

126

(2)

Searches by Private Citizens

128

(1)

Is There a Legal Warrant?

128

(1)

The Application for the Warrant Must Demonstrate Probable Cause to Believe That Evidence of a Crime Will Be Found in the Place to Be Searched

128

(1)

Evidence of a Crime

128

(1)

Will Be Found in the Place to Be Searched

129

(2)

Signed by a Neutral and Detached Magistrate

131

(2)

Reasonably Precise in Describing the Place to Be Searched and the Items to Be Seized

133

(1)

Other Issues Relating to a Valid Warrant

134

(1)

Knock and Announce

134

(1)

Take Items in Plain View

135

(1)

Good Faith

135

(1)

Take Computers off Premises to Search

135

(2)

Prompt Execution

137

(1)

If There Is Not a Legal Warrant Does the Search Fall within the Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement?

137

(1)

Consent

137

(1)

Who May Consent?

137

(1)

Employers

138

(1)

Private Employers

138

(1)

Public Employers

139

(2)

Parent

141

(1)

Spouse

141

(1)

Co-user

141

(1)

Other

142

(1)

Must the Consentor Be Advised of His/Her Right to Withhold Consent

143

(1)

Consent May Be Limited and May Be Withdrawn

144

(1)

Search Incident to Arrest

144

(1)

Exigent Circumstances

145

(1)

Inventory

146

(1)

Stop and Frisk

146

(1)

Mobility

146

(1)

Plain View

147

(1)

State Constitutional Considerations

148

(1)

Statutes

148

(1)

Privacy Protection Act

149

(2)

Suppression

151

(1)

Civil Liability

151

(1)

Good Faith

152

(1)

State Privacy Statutes

152

(1)

Court Rules and Magistrate Imposed Restrictions

152

(1)

Court Rules---Time within Which Search Must Be Completed

152

(3)

Magistrate Imposed Restrictions

155

(1)

Analysis of Evidence

155

(1)

At the Search Location

155

(1)

Who Should Accompany the Officers Executing the Search?

156

(1)

Should an Expert Accompany the Officers?

156

(1)

Should a Representative of the Victim Accompany the Officers? But What If the Only Expert Is a Representative of the Victim?

157

(2)

What Can Be Seized

159

(1)

When to Get an Additional Warrant

160

(1)

Offsite/Detailed Analysis

160

(1)

Make a Forensic Copy

160

(1)

Search/Analysis Protocol

161

(2)

What Must Be Returned and When

163

(1)

Stipulation

163

(1)

What If the Computer Owner Is Not the Suspect?

164

(1)

Contraband on Computer

164

(1)

Obvious Contraband

164

(1)

Suspected Stolen Property---No Irreversible Harm in Returning

165

(1)

Suspected Stolen Property---Irreversible Harm in Returning

165

(1)

Other Types of Contraband---Passwords, Hacking Programs

165

(1)

The Case Scenarios

166

(1)

Case 1---Janet Davis

166

(1)

Case 2---Mel Howard

167

(1)

Case 3---Allen Worley

167

(7)

The Use of the Seized Material and the Final Results

174

(12)

Case 1---Janet Davis

174

(1)

Items Found During the Execution of the Writ

174

(1)

Davis' Deposition in the Civil Case

175

(1)

The Criminal Case

176

(1)

Trial

176

(1)

The Appeal

177

(1)

The Second Trial

177

(2)

Case 2---Mel Howard

179

(1)

Comparing the History/Log File Data

179

(1)

Comparing JPS Logs with the NT Server Logs

179

(1)

The Firewall Logs

180

(1)

Howard's History Files

181

(1)

Gaps in the Evidence

182

(1)

Determining Damages

183

(1)

Resolution

183

(2)

Case 3---Allen Worley

185

(1)

Conclusion

186

(1)

Defending Cybercrime Cases: Selected Statutes and Defenses

187

(56)

Joseph F. Savage, Jr.

Darlene D. Moreau

Dianna Lamb

Introduction

187

(2)

Category 1: Unauthorized Access

189

(13)

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

190

(1)

Section 1030(a)(5)

191

(1)

Provisions

191

(1)

Defenses

192

(1)

Intent

192

(1)

Lack of Damage under CFAA

193

(1)

Penalties

193

(1)

Section 1030(a)(2)

194

(1)

Provisions

194

(1)

Penalties

195

(1)

Section 1030(a)(7)

195

(1)

Provisions

195

(1)

Penalties

195

(1)

Section 1030(a)(6)

196

(1)

Provisions

196

(1)

Penalties

196

(1)

Section 1030(a)(4)

196

(1)

Provisions

196

(1)

Defense: Obtain Anything of Value

197

(1)

Penalties

198

(1)

Section 1030(a)(3)

198

(1)

Provisions

198

(1)

Penalties

198

(1)

Section 1030(a)(1)

198

(1)

Provisions

198

(1)

Penalties

199

(1)

Electronic Communications Privacy Act

199

(1)

The Wiretap Statute

199

(2)

Stored Wire and Electronic Communications Act

201

(1)

Category 2: Cyberfraud

202

(3)

Identity Theft

202

(2)

Can-Spam Act

204

(1)

Category 3: Intellectual Property Crimes

205

(19)

The Economic Espionage Act

205

(1)

Overview of the Statute

205

(3)

Wide Expansion of Trade Secret Prosecution

208

(1)

Defending against Liability under the EEA

209

(1)

The Prosecutors' Perspective on Defenses

210

(1)

Parallel Development

210

(1)

Reverse Engineering

210

(1)

General Knowledge

211

(1)

First Amendment

212

(1)

Practical Considerations

213

(1)

The Copyright Act

213

(1)

Criminal Copyright Infringement and the NET Act

214

(1)

Defenses to Criminal Copyright Infringement

215

(1)

Willfulness: The Use Was Authorized

215

(1)

Invalidate the Copyright

215

(1)

No Infringement

216

(1)

First Sale Doctrine

217

(1)

Fair Use Doctrine

217

(1)

218

(1)

Pseudo-Copyright Infringement

219

(1)

Trafficking in Counterfeit Labels or Computer Program Documentation or Packaging

220

(1)

Unauthorized Fixation of and Trafficking in Sound Recordings and Music Videos of Live Performance

220

(1)

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

221

(1)

Constitutional Challenges to the DMCA

222

(1)

Fraudulent Copyright Notice and Removal of Such Notices

222

(1)

False Representation in Application to Register Copyright

222

(1)

Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996

223

(1)

General Defenses to Cybercrime Allegations

224

(17)

Search and Seizure Issues

224

(1)

Introduction

224

(1)

Federal Statutory Protection

225

(1)

ECPA---Interception of Electronic Communications

225

(1)

Accessing Stored Electronic Communications

226

(1)

Privacy Protection Act

227

(1)

The Fourth Amendment

228

(3)

Intermingled Documents

231

(1)

Plain View Doctrine

231

(2)

Consent Searches

233

(2)

Privilege

235

(2)

Production of Seized Documents

237

(1)

Other Defenses

238

(1)

Anonymity

238

(1)

First Amendment As a Defense to Computer Crime

239

(1)

Entrapment

240

(1)

Conclusion

241

(2)

International Cybercrime: Recent Developments in the Law

243

(36)

Miriam F. Miquelon Weismann

Introduction

244

(1)

In Search of a Definition

244

(3)

Historical Development of International Law

247

(3)

Practical Impediments to International Investigation and Enforcement

250

(2)

The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime

252

(15)

General Principles

252

(1)

Summary of Treaty Provisions

253

(2)

Application and Analysis of Significant Treaty Provisions

255

(1)

Four Basic Definitions

255

(2)

Procedural Safeguards

257

(1)

Methods of Collecting Evidence

258

(4)

Crimes

262

(2)

Jurisdiction and Extradition

264

(3)

Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) and Other International Cooperation Agreements

267

(4)

The PATRIOT Act and Other Federal Legislation

271

(2)

Continuing Policy Review by the United Nations

273

(1)

The Threat of Organized Crime

274

(2)

The Problem of Enforcement between Differing Legal Systems

276

(1)

Conclusion

277

(2)

Index

279

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Cybercrime : The Investigation, Prosecution and Defense of a Computer-Related Crime

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Table of Contents

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Cybercrime : The Investigation, Prosecution and Defense of a Computer-Related Crime

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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