Lignin Historical, Biological, and Materials

Lignin forms the woody cell walls of plants and the cement material between the plant walls, and after cellulose, it is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. This book examines the biochemistry of lignin formation, lignin modification and utilization as a polymer, lignin in pulping and bleaching, chemical and physical properties of lignin, and lignin biodegradation.

Preface

xiii

History and Structure

Lignin Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization: A Brief History

2

(98)

Joseph L. McCarthy

Aminul Islam

The Nature of Lignin: A Different View

100

(18)

K. Forss

K-E. Framer

Biochemistry

Monolignol Compositional Determinants in Loblolly Pine: Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism and Associated Rate-Limiting Steps

118

(27)

Hendrik van Rensburg

Aldwin M. Anterola

Lanfang H. Levine

Laurence B. Davin

Norman G. Lewis

Genetic Engineering of Polar Lignins: Impact of Lignin Alteration on Kraft Pulping Performances

145

(16)

C. Lapierre

B. Pollet

M. Petit-Conil

G. Pilate

C. Leple

W. Boerjan

L. Jouanin

Lignin--Polysaccharide Interactions in Woody Plants

161

(11)

Richard F. Helm

Structural Heterogeneity of Hardwood Lignin: Characteristics of End-Wise Lignin Fraction

172

(14)

Keko Hori

Gyosuke Meshitsuka

Molecular Orbital Calculations on the Interaction of Veratryl Alcohol with the Lignin Peroxidase Active Site

186

(19)

Thomas Elder

David C. Young

Lignin Influence on Angiosperm Spawood Susceptibility to White-Rot Fungal Colonization: A Hypothesis

205

(11)

Tor P. Schultz

Darrel D. Nicholas

Analaysis

Classification of Lignin According to Chemical and Molecular Structure

216

(23)

Wolfgang G. Glasser

An Overview of Chemical Degradation Methods for Determining Lignin Condensed Units

239

(11)

Y.-Z. Lai

H. Xu

R. Yang

Using Raman Spectroscopy to Identify Chromophores in Lignin--Lignocellulosics

250

(15)

U. P. Agarwal

R. H. Atalla

Limiting Molecular Weight of Lignin from Autocatalyzed Organosolv Pulping of Hardwood

265

(13)

H. L. Hergert

G. C. Goyal

J. H. Lora

Structural Investigation of Dehydrogenation Polymer (models of lignin) Films at the Air--Water Interface by Neutron Reflectivity

278

(13)

B. Cathala

N. Puff

V. Aguie-Beghin

R. Douillard

B. Monties

Comparative Analysis of the Lignins of Cork from Quercus suber L. and Wood from Eucalyptus globulus L. by Dry Hydrogen Iodide Cleavage

291

(13)

L. G. Akim

N. Cordeiro

C. Pascoal Neto

A. Gandini

Modification and Utilization

Commercial Use of Lignin-Based Materials

304

(17)

J. D. Gargulak

S. E. Lebo

Synthesis of 14C-Labelled 1-Ethenylbenzene Using Wittig Reaction and Synthesis of Graft Copolymer of Lignin and 14C-Labelled 1-Ethenylbenzene

321

(10)

Meng-Jiu Chen

John J. Meister

Blends of Biodegradable Thermoplastics with Lignin Esters

331

(20)

Indrajit Ghosh

Rajesh K. jain

Wolfgang G. Glasser

Thermoplastics with Very High Lignin Contents

351

(16)

Yan Li

Simo Sarkanen

Plasma Modification of Lignin

367

(25)

G. Toriz

F. Denes

R. A. Young

Pulping and Bleaching

Chemistry of Pulping: Lignin Reactions

392

(30)

Josef S. Gratzl

Chen-Loung Chen

The Interplay between Oxygen-Derived Radical Species in the Delignification during Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching

422

(25)

Josef Gierer

A Comparison of the Structural Changes Occurring in Lignin during Alcell and Kraft Pulping of Hardwoods and Softwoods

447

(18)

Ying Liu

Sandra Carriero

Kendall Pye

Dimitris S. Argyropoulos

A Room-Temperature β-O-4 to α-O-4 Rearrangement

465

(6)

D. L. Criss

T. H. Fisher

L. L. Ingram, Jr.

D. J. Beard

Tor P. Schultz

Peracids in Kraft Pulp Bleaching: Past, Present, and Future

471

(19)

K. Poppius-Levlin

A.-S. Jaaskelainen

A. Seisto

A. Fuhrmann

Chemical Modification of Lignin-Rich Paper: Light-Induced Changes of Softwood and Hardwood Chemithermomechanical Pulps: The Effect of Irradiation Source

490

(15)

Magnus Paulsson

Arthur J. Ragauskas

Investigation of ortho-and para-Quinone Chromophores in Alkaline Extraction Stage Residual Lignins

505

(15)

Michael Zawadzki

Troy Runge

Arthur J. Ragauskas

Chemical Characteristics of Lignins Extracted from Softwood TMP and O3 and ClO2 Treatment

520

(13)

D. R. Robert

M. Szadeczki

D. Lachenal

Author Index

533

(1)

Subject Index

534

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Lignin Historical, Biological, and Materials Perspectives

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Table of Contents

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