Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Mercury
, by Liu, Guangliang; Cai, Yong; O'Driscoll, Nelson- ISBN: 9780470578728 | 0470578726
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 1/3/2012
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Contributors | p. xvii |
Overview of Mercury in the Environment Guangliang Liu, Yong Cai, Nelson O'Driscoll, Xinbin Feng, and Guibin Jiang | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Toxicity and Health Risks of Mercury Exposure | p. 2 |
Sources of Mercury | p. 2 |
Overview of Mercury Biogeochemical Cycling | p. 7 |
Structure of the Book | p. 8 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 9 |
References | p. 9 |
Analytical Developments | p. 13 |
Advances in Speciation Analysis of Mercury in the Environment Yanbin Li, Yongguang Yin, Guangliang Liu, and Yong Cai | p. 15 |
Introduction | p. 15 |
Sample Preparation for Hg Speciation in Environmental Samples | p. 16 |
Application of GC Technique in Hg Speciation Analysis | p. 32 |
Application of HPLC Technique in Hg Speciation Analysis | p. 36 |
Application of Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques in Hg Speciation Analysis | p. 39 |
Application of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Probing Chemical Microenvironment of Hg | p. 40 |
Application of Stable Isotope Dilution Technique in Mercury Speciation Analysis | p. 41 |
Summary | p. 43 |
References | p. 44 |
Measuring Gas Phase Mercury Emissions from Industrial Effluents Samuel J. Ippolito. Ylias M. Sabri, and Suresh K. Bhargava | p. 59 |
Introduction | p. 59 |
Standardized Methods for Measuring Mercury | p. 72 |
Mercury Continuous Emission Monitors (CEMs) | p. 81 |
Future Outlook | p. 95 |
References | p. 96 |
Speciation and Transformation | p. 111 |
Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury Che-Jen Lin, Pattarapom Singhasuk, and Simo O. Pehkonen | p. 113 |
Introduction | p. 113 |
The Overall Picture | p. 114 |
Chemical Transformations in the Gas Phase | p. 118 |
Chemical Transformations in the Aqueous Phase | p. 131 |
Redox Chemistry at the Interface Between the Atmosphere and Earth's Surfaces | p. 136 |
Atmospheric Implications of the Identified Redox Pathways | p. 139 |
Future Research Needs | p. 143 |
References | p. 144 |
Microbial Transformations in the Mercury Cycle Chu-Ching Lin, Nathan Yee, and Tamar Barkay | p. 155 |
Introduction | p. 155 |
Mercury Methylation | p. 158 |
Methylmercury Degradation | p. 168 |
Redox Cycling of Inorganic Hg | p. 169 |
Conclusions | p. 179 |
References | p. 180 |
Photoreactions of Mercury in Aquatic Systems Emma E. Vost, Marc Amyot, and Nelson J. O'Driscoll | p. 193 |
Significance of Mercury Photoreactions | p. 193 |
Concepts in Mercury Photoreactions | p. 194 |
Current Methods in Mercury Photochemistry | p. 209 |
Summary | p. 211 |
References | p. 212 |
Chemical Speciation of Mercury in Soil and Sediment Ulf Skyllberg | p. 219 |
Introduction | p. 219 |
Physicochemical Properties, Oxidation States, Chemical Forms, Structures, and Concentrations of Mercury in the Environment | p. 220 |
Aqueous Phase: Major Ligands and Their Affinities for Mercury(II) | p. 222 |
Liquid and Solid Phases of Mercury in Soils and Sediments | p. 229 |
Reactions of Mercury(II) with Soil and Sediment Particle Surfaces | p. 231 |
Stabilization of Nanoparticulate Mercury(II) Sulfides by Natural Organic Matter | p. 237 |
Solubility and Chemical Speciation of Mercury(II) in Soils and Sediments | p. 237 |
Methods for Studying the Chemistry of Mercury(II) in Soils and Sediments | p. 248 |
Future Research Needs | p. 249 |
References | p. 252 |
The Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter on Mercury Biogeochemistry Chase A. Gerbig, Joseph N. Ryan, and George R. Aiken | p. 259 |
Introduction | p. 259 |
Dissolved Organic Matter | p. 260 |
Field Observations | p. 263 |
Effects of DOM on Mercury Distributions Between Solution and Particles | p. 265 |
Mercury Binding Strength | p. 268 |
Mercury Binding Environment | p. 271 |
Methylmercury Binding Strength and Environment | p. 274 |
DOM and Mercury Mineral Dissolution | p. 276 |
DOM and Mercury Mineral Precipitation | p. 280 |
References | p. 284 |
Tracking Geochemical Transformations and Transport of Mercury through Isotope Fractionation Holger Hintelmann and Wang Zheng | p. 293 |
Introduction | p. 293 |
Fractionation of Mercury Isotopes in Environmental Processes | p. 300 |
Hg Isotope Variations in Nature | p. 315 |
Summary | p. 319 |
References | p. 320 |
Transport and Fate | p. 329 |
Atmospheric Transport of Mercury Oleg Travnikov | p. 331 |
Introduction | p. 331 |
General Concepts of Mercury Cycling in the Atmosphere | p. 331 |
Methods for Studying Atmospheric Mercury Transport | p. 336 |
Assessments of Airborne Mercury Pollution | p. 342 |
Knowledge Gaps | p. 354 |
References | p. 356 |
Adsorption of Mercury on Solids in the Aquatic Environment Guangliang Liu, Yanbin Li, and Yong Cai | p. 367 |
Introduction | p. 367 |
Adsorption of Mercury on Solids | p. 369 |
Role of Colloids in Mercury Adsorption | p. 374 |
Concluding Remarks | p. 380 |
References | p. 381 |
Exchange of Elemental Mercury between the Oceans and the Atmosphere Asif Qureshi, Matthew Macleod, Elsie Sunderland, and Konrad Hungerbühler | p. 389 |
Introduction | p. 389 |
Models of Gas Exchange of Elemental Mercury at the Air-Sea Interface | p. 390 |
Field Studies of Ocean-To-Air Fluxes of Mercury | p. 398 |
Rate Constants for Reduction and Oxidation of Mercury Species in Ocean Waters | p. 400 |
Modeling Studies Estimating Oceanic Air-Sea Exchange | p. 411 |
Conclusions and Future Directions | p. 415 |
References | p. 416 |
Exchange of Mercury between the Atmosphere and Terrestrial Ecosystems Mae Sexauer Gustin | p. 423 |
General Overview | p. 423 |
Methods and Tools Applied for Measurement and Understanding of Air-Terrestrial Surface Exchange | p. 425 |
Measured Fluxes | p. 433 |
Conclusions | p. 442 |
References | p. 444 |
Bioaccumulation, Toxicity, and Metallomics | p. 453 |
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Mercury through Food Webs Karen Kidd, Meredith Clayden, and Tim Jardine | p. 455 |
Introduction | p. 455 |
Mercury in Aquatic and Terrestrial Organisms | p. 457 |
Mercury within Organisms | p. 464 |
Factors Affecting Mercury in Biota | p. 465 |
Biornagnification of Mercury Through Food Webs | p. 474 |
Mercury Stable Isotopes in Bioaccumulation Studies | p. 481 |
Case Study-Kejimkujik National Park and Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada | p. 482 |
Conclusions | p. 484 |
References | p. 485 |
A Review of Mercury Toxicity with Special Reference to Methylmercury Mineshi Sakamoto, Katsuyuki Murata, Akiyoshi Kakita, and Masanori Sasaki | p. 501 |
Introduction | p. 501 |
Global Mercury Emission into the Atmosphere | p. 502 |
Metabolism and Toxicity of Chemical Forms of Mercury | p. 503 |
Risk Assessment of Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury | p. 509 |
Risks and Benefits of Fish Consumption for Brain Development | p. 510 |
Exceptional Methylmercury Exposure Through Rice | p. 510 |
Summary | p. 511 |
References | p. 511 |
Metallomics of Mercury: Role of Thiol-and Selenol-Containing Biomolecules Feiyue Wang, Marcos Lemes, and Mohammad A. K. Khan | p. 517 |
Introduction | p. 517 |
Metallomics of Mercury | p. 517 |
Mercury and Methylmercury Complexes with Thiol-Containing Biomolecules | p. 519 |
Mercury and Methylmercury Binding to Selenol-Containing Biomolecules | p. 522 |
Lability of Mercury or Methylmercury Complexes with Thiols or Selenols | p. 524 |
Thiol-Containing Biomolecules in the Uptake and Metabolism of Mercury | p. 526 |
Selenium Aided Biomineralization of Mercury and Methylmercury | p. 529 |
Analytical and Modeling Approaches | p. 531 |
Conclusion | p. 538 |
References | p. 538 |
Human Health Significance of Dietary Exposures to Methylmercury Anna L. Choi and Philippe Grandjean | p. 545 |
Introduction | p. 545 |
Methylmercury Exposure | p. 546 |
Nutrients in Fish and Seafood | p. 548 |
Major Prospective Cohort Studies | p. 549 |
Health Effects | p. 552 |
Cardiovascular Outcomes | p. 555 |
Nutrient and Methylmercury Exposure as Predictors of - Developmental Outcomes | p. 556 |
Confounding Variables | p. 557 |
Risk Assessment and Exposure Imprecision | p. 558 |
Conclusions | p. 559 |
References | p. 561 |
Index | p. 569 |
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