Into Adulthood

, by Oden, Sherri; Schweinhart, Lawrence J.; Weikart, David P.; Marcus, Sue M.; Xie, Yu

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ISBN: 9781573790895 | 1573790893
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/1/2000

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Supplemental Materials

Tables

Preface

xiii

1 INTRODUCTION

(6)

Head Start's Challenge---Then and Now

(1)

Perspectives on Head Start Research

(1)

About This Report

(5)

A Review of the Head Start Knowledge Base

(1)

The Study Methodology

(1)

The Variable Selection and Data Analysis

(1)

The Implications for Future Development and Research

(2)

2 HEAD START RESEARCH---AN HISTORICAL VIEW

(18)

The Aims of Head Start---Who Is Served

(1)

Specific Major Head Start Research Efforts

(5)

Head Start Planned Variation Research

(2)

Findings about intelligence test scores

(1)

Findings about model implementation

(1)

Research Following Children Into School: The Follow Through Project

(1)

Early findings and methodological limitations

(1)

Studying long-term effects

(1)

Summarizing the HSPV Study and the Follow Through Studies

(1)

The Major Syntheses of Research on Head Start and Other Early Intervention Programs

(8)

Two Examinations of Research on Head Start

(4)

The Head Start Synthesis study

(1)

The 1997 U.S. General Accounting Office report

(2)

Three Examinations of Research on Demonstration Programs

(3)

The Consortium for Longitudinal Studies

(1)

The Center for the Future of Children report

(1)

The literature review of the High/Scope Perry Preschool Project

(1)

Summarizing the Major Syntheses

(1)

The Head Start Synthesis study

(1)

The 1997 GAO report

(1)

The three examinations of research on demonstration programs

(1)

Some Specific Long-Term Studies of Demonstration Early Childhood Programs

(2)

The Abecedarian Project

(1)

The Evaluation of the Chicago Child-Parent Center Programs

(1)

The Syracuse University Family Development Research Program Longitudinal Follow-up Study

(1)

The High/Scope Longitudinal Studies

(1)

The High/Scope Perry Preschool study

(1)

The High/Scope Preschool Curriculum Comparison study

(1)

Summarizing the Specific Long-Term Studies of Demonstration Early Childhood Programs

(1)

Building on the Knowledge Base---The Long-Term Benefits of Head Start Study

(2)

3 THE DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY OF THE LONG-TERM BENEFITS OF HEAD START STUDY

(24)

The LTBHS Study Groups

(1)

The LTBHS Study Sites and Groups

(2)

The Florida Site

(1)

The Colorado Site

(1)

The Study Design

(1)

Potential Sources of Study Bias

(2)

Potential Bias in the Head Start Recruitment Process

(1)

Potential Bias in the Data Collection Procedures

(1)

The Study Procedures

(6)

Selecting Potential Members of the Study's No-Head Start Group

(1)

Locating, Recruiting, and Interviewing Potential Study Participants

(1)

Selecting Local Project Coordinators, Locators, and Interviewers

(1)

Local project coordinators

(1)

Locators and interviewers

(1)

Locating and Contacting Potential Study Participants

(2)

The approach used to locate participants

(1)

The location obstacles encountered and overcome

(1)

The procedures used to contact participants

(1)

Interviewing Potential Study Participants

(2)

Study participants who were difficult to schedule

(1)

Study participants living outside the study site

(1)

The last-interviewed study participants

(1)

Interviewee compensation

(1)

Response Rates of the Potential Study Participants

(1)

The Final Study Sample

(2)

Collection of Study Data

(6)

The Interview and Adult APL Survey

(3)

The interview instrument

(1)

The Adult APL Survey

(1)

Interviewer training

(1)

Interview and Adult APL Survey data collection

(1)

The Records Search

(2)

Obtaining access to records data

(1)

Educational records

(1)

Public assistance records

(1)

Criminal records

(1)

U.S. Bureau of the Census records

(1)

Data Coding and Entry

(1)

Occupational data sources

(1)

Occupational codes

(1)

The Data Analysis Approach

(2)

The Advisory Panel and the Independent Analysts

(1)

The Analytic Approaches

(1)

Variables and predictions from the High/Scope Perry Preschool study

(1)

A common core of key variables

(1)

Statistical adjustments for original group differences

(1)

Summary of the Study Methodology

(2)

4 THE CORE VARIABLES OF THE LTBHS STUDY

(16)

Basis for Selecting the Core Variables

(1)

Deriving the Core Variables From the Data Sources

(1)

The Core Covariates

(4)

Study Participant's Group Status

(1)

Head Start group versus No---Head Start group

(1)

Model Head Start group versus Regular Head Start group

(1)

Study Participant's Individual Characteristics

(1)

Gender

(1)

Racial/ethnic membership

(1)

Age at interview

(1)

Kindergarten participation

(1)

Study Participant's Family Background

(2)

Number of Siblings

(1)

Household size/structure

(1)

Mother's and father's education

(1)

Mother's and father's employment

(1)

Family welfare assistance

(1)

Site tract-level characteristics

(1)

The Core Outcome Variables

(9)

Study Participant's Education

(3)

Educational attainment

(1)

Grade point average (GPA)

(1)

Years in educable mental impairment (EMI) classes

(1)

Adult APL Survey Score

(1)

Life Situation/Economic Status

(4)

Employment/school-enrollment status

(2)

Teen-parent status

(1)

Public assistance

(2)

Criminal Activity---Arrests and Convictions

(1)

Summary

(2)

5 FINDINGS ON THE ORIGINAL COMPARABILITY OF THE LTBHS STUDY GROUPS

(20)

An Overview of the Analysis Process

(1)

Selecting the LTBHS Study's Variables and Predicting Findings

(1)

Examining the LTBHS Study Groups' Initial Comparability

(1)

Adjusting for Initial Group Differences

(1)

The Findings on the Covariates: Individual Characteristics and Family Background

(11)

Study Participants' Individual Characteristics

(3)

Comparing the Head Start group and the No--Head Start group at the two sites

(2)

Summing up individual characteristics---Head Start versus No--Head Start

(1)

Comparing the Model Head Start group and the Regular Head Start group at the Florida site

(1)

Summing up individual characteristics---Model Head Start versus Regular Head Start

(1)

Study Participants' Family Backgrounds

(5)

Comparing the Head Start group and the No-Head Start group at the two sites

(3)

Summing up family background---Head Start versus No---Head Start

(1)

Comparing the Model Head Start group and the Regular Head Start group at the Florida site

(2)

Summing up family background---Model Head Start versus Regular Head Start

(1)

The Site Tract-Level Characteristics of Study Participants' Original Households

(2)

Comparing the Head Start groups and the No-Head Start groups at the two sites

(1)

Summing up site tract-level characteristics---Head Start versus No--Head Start

(2)

Comparing the Model Head Start group and the Regular Head Start group at the Florida site

(1)

Summing up site tract-level characteristics---Model Head Start versus Regular Head Start

(1)

Based on Background Characteristics---The Expected Pattern of Findings on Long-Term Benefits

(5)

Comparison of the LTBHS Study and Related Studies: Participants' Backgrounds

(4)

The Head Start Planned Variation study

(2)

The High/Scope Preschool Curriculum Comparison study

(1)

The High/Scope Perry Preschool study

(1)

Expected Findings for the LTBHS Study

(1)

Predictions for the Head Start versus No--Head Start groups

(1)

Predictions for the Model versus Regular Head Start groups

(1)

A Summary of Expectations Based on Background Comparisons

(2)

6 MAJOR FINDINGS ON HEAD START'S LONG-TERM BENEFITS

(20)

The Study Participants as Young Adults

(1)

Estimating Head Start Benefits: The Effectiveness of Adjusting for Background Differences

(4)

Adjusting for Measured Background Differences

(1)

Estimating Unmeasured Bias

(2)

Summary of the Adjustment/Estimation Process

(1)

The Findings on the Core Outcome Variables

(13)

Analysis of Head Start Versus No--Head Start

(3)

Educational outcomes

(3)

Economic and other life-situation outcomes

(1)

Summary of the Head Start Versus No--Head Start Analysis

(1)

Analysis of Model Head Start Versus Regular Head Start

(5)

Educational outcomes

(2)

Other life-situation outcomes

100

(1)

Summary of the Model Head Start Versus Regular Head Start Analysis

101

(1)

Comparing Other Specific Subgroups---Analysis by Gender

101

(3)

Educational outcomes

102

(1)

Other life-situation outcomes

102

(2)

Summary of the Analysis by Gender

104

(1)

Comparing Other Specific Subgroups---Analysis by Racial/Ethnic Membership and Socioeconomic Level

104

(1)

Educational outcomes

104

(1)

Other life-situation outcomes

105

(1)

Summary of the Analysis by Racial/Ethnic Membership and Socioeconomic Level

105

(1)

Conclusion

105

(2)

7 SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS

107

(14)

What Studies Have Thus Far Revealed About Head Start Effects

107

(1)

An Overview of This Study

108

(2)

The Methodology

108

(1)

The Expected Findings

109

(1)

A Summary of the LTBHS Study's Major Findings

110

(3)

Estimates of Head Start's Long-Term Effects

111

(1)

Findings for Specific Subgroups

111

(1)

Assessing the Findings

112

(1)

Implications and Recommendations

113

(6)

What Do the LTBHS Study's Findings Mean for Head Start Programs?

113

(2)

Today's Head Start: Serving a larger number and a greater diversity

113

(1)

Today's Head Start: Focusing on enhancing quality

114

(1)

Today's Head Start: Building communication/partnerships with schools and communities

115

(1)

What Do the LTBHS Study's Findings Mean for Head Start Research?

115

(4)

Continue to conduct studies of Head Start's contributions to children's development

115

(1)

Study Head Start programs that attempt to achieve enduring as well as immediate benefits

116

(1)

Conduct studies that focus on components of quality-oriented program development

116

(1)

Employ a diversity of research designs and methodological approaches

116

(3)

Summary of Lessons Learned

119

(1)

Conclusion

119

(2)

Appendix A: Directories and Other Resources Used in Locating Study Participants

121

(4)

Appendix B: The Study's Core Variables

125

(10)

Appendix C: Original Comparability of Study Groups---Additional Tables and Map

135

(4)

Appendix D: Assessment of the Long-Term Benefits of Head Start

139

(30)

Yu Xie

Appendix E: Endogenous Switching Regression Models

169

(10)

Yu Xie

Appendix F: Estimating the Long-Term Effects of Head Start

179

(22)

Sue M. Marcus

References

201

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Into Adulthood

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