Presbyopia Origins, Effects, and Treatment

Presbyopia: Origins, Effects, and Treatmenttakes a complex and common condition-the aging eye-and summarizes the current views on the optics and physiology of accommodation and the age-dependant changes that lead to presbyopia. Drs. Ioannis G. Pallikaris, Sotiris Plainis, and W. Neil Charman are joined by more than 50 world recognized contributors and present an up-to-date book that discusses demographics and visual impairment due to the uncorrected condition and provides an overview of clinical aspects of presbyopia, including refraction techniques and its management with contact lenses, spectacles and a range of surgical approaches. Inside You'll Find: Review of the accommodation system and its performance Effect of the passing years on accommodation, general optic characteristics, and neural performance Detailed reviews of various current and proposed methods for correcting presbyopia How assessment may be best carried out over years with a patient Presbyopia: Origins, Effects, and Treatmentalso features more than 200 color images inside 35 chapters, a robust glossary of terms, and a comprehensive index for easy reference. Presbyopia: Origins, Effects, and Treatmentis an interdisciplinary approach to various methods and theories for the most accommodating way to treat presbyopia and will be a welcome resource for ophthalmologists and optometrists.

Ioannis G. Pallikaris, MD, PhD is the director of the University Hospital Eye Clinic and the founder of the Institute of Vision and Optics (IVO), Department of Medicine, University of Crete in Greece. He is the precedent Rector of the University of Crete and the former vice-president of the National Board of Research and Technology. He is currently a board member of ESCRS (Ex-President). He holds many patents and international awards (Barraquer award from the ISRS, American Academy of Ophthalmology [1997], the Senior Achievement award by the American Academy of Ophthalmology [2000], Casebeer by the ISRS [2002], the Innovator lecture by the German Ophthalmic Surgeons [2003], the innovator [Charles Kelmann] award from American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons [2006], the Lifetime achievement from the ISRS [2007] and the Binkhorst medal from the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons [2009]), while he has published over 180 peer-reviewed manuscripts. Dr. Pallikaris has greatly contributed to the field of ophthalmology by introducing LASIK in 1989, as well as epi-LASIK, PALM, TRACEY devices, and many other technologies, and for that he is acknowledged as the father of LASIK. Recently he has been elected as a member of the International Academy for Advances in Ophthalmology. His current research interests focus on presbyoptics, accommodative lenses, and ocular rigidity.    

Sotiris Plainis, MSc, PhD completed his diploma in optics in 1993 at the School of Health Sciences, TEI Athens in Greece, followed by a diploma in Clinical Optometry at UMIST, UK in 1994. He stayed at UMIST for a masters in Optometry and Vision Sciences and for a PhD in Optometry and Neuroscience, which was completed in 1999. Since then, Dr. Plainis has been involved in research, teaching, and clinical work. He has been working as Principal Research Scientist at the Institute of Vision and Optics at the University of Crete. In 2006, he was appointed Honorary Lecturer at the University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences. Dr. Plainis forms a member of the Educational Committee of European Academy of Optometry and Optics, the Faculty of the ESCRS Basic Optics course, and the International Society for Contact Lens Research. He is published widely in his field and is a reviewer of Postgraduate Scholarships of the British College of Optometry.   

W. Neil Charman, PhD, DSc was educated at Imperial College, London, and is a past head of the Department of Optometry and Neuroscience at the University of Manchester, UK. He was the founding editor of the journal Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics and remains on its editorial board. He has written widely on visual optics and has a particular interest in presbyopia and methods for its correction. He has contributed chapters to a number of textbooks, including the Optical Society of America’s Handbook of Optics and was awarded the Prentice Medal by the American Academy of Optometry for his contributions to ophthalmic research. His current work is focused primarily on the question of myopia development.

Dedication  
About the Editors  
Contributing Authors  
Preface 

Section I General Background 
Chapter 1 Demographics: Vision Impairment Due to Uncorrected Presbyopia  
Timothy R. Fricke, BOptom, MSc; David Wilson, PhD; and Brien A. Holden, PhD, DSc, OAM 
Chapter 2 Overview of Clinical Aspects   
Jonathan S. Pointer, PhD, FCOptom
Chapter 3 Depth of Focus of the Human Eye  
David A. Atchison, PhD,DSc

Section II The Accommodation System  
Chapter 4 Physiology and Behavior of the Accommodation System  
W. Neil Charman, PhD, DSc and Sotiris Plainis, MSc, PhD
Chapter 5 Accommodation Dynamics  
Niall C. Strang, PhD, FCOptom and Mhairi Day, PhD, MCOptom
Chapter 6 Cues for Accommodation  
Philip B. Kruger, DipOptom, OD, PhD

Section III The Aging Eye  
Chapter 7Structure and Physiology of the Eye Lens 
Barbara K. Pierscionek, PhD
Chapter 8 Role of the Ciliary Muscle and Zonula in Accommodation and Presbyopia
Mary Ann Croft, MS and Paul L. Kaufman, MD
Chapter 9 Optical and Related Changes in the Aging Eye  
W. Neil Charman, PhD, DSc
Chapter 10 Neural Changes inVision Affecting the Presbyopic Eye  
John S. Werner, PhD and Michael Webster, PhD

Section IV Presbyopia, Accommodation, and Vergence  
Chapter 11 Theories of Presbyopia  
W. Neil Charman, PhD, DSc
Chapter 12 Presbyopia and the Vergence System  
Kenneth J. Ciuffreda, OD, PhD and Preethi Thiagarajan, BSOptom, MS

Section V Presbyopia Correction by Spectacles and Contact Lenses  
Chapter 13 Correction of Presbyopia With Spectacle Lenses  
Darryl J. Meister, ABOM and Gregory L. Stephens, OD, PhD
Chapter 14 Correction of Presbyopia With Contact Lenses  
Panagiotis Kallinikos, MSc, PhD; Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, MSc, PhD; and Sotiris Plainis, MSc, PhD

Section VI Presbyopia Surgery  
Chapter 15 Presbyopia Surgery: Introduction  
Ioannis G. Pallikaris, MD, PhD
Chapter 16 Correction of Presbyopia With Monovision  
Neema Nayeb-Hashemi, MD, MS; Elmer Y. Tu, MD; and Dimitri T. Azar, MD, MBA
Chapter 17 Cataract Surgery and Monofocal Intraocular Lenses: Refractive and Presbyopia Considerations  
Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, MD, PhD; Efstathios Detorakis, MD, PhD; and George Kontadakis, MD, MSc
Chapter 18 Multifocal Intraocular Lenses  
Oliver Findl, MD, MBA and Nino Hirnschall, MD
Chapter 19 Accommodating Intraocular Lenses  
Clifton M. Schor, OD, PhD
Chapter 20 Light-Adjustable Intraocular Lenses  
W. Neil Charman, PhD, DSc
Chapter 21 Presbyopic LASIK  
Jorge L. Alio, MD, PhD; David P. Piñero Llorens, PhD; Esperanza Sala Pomares, OD; Francisco Amparo, MD, MSc; and Luis J. Moreno Garrido, MSc
Chapter 22 Laser Blended Vision for Presbyopia Correction  
Dan Z. Reinstein, MD, MA(Cantab), FRCSC, FRCOphth; Timothy J. Archer, MA(Oxon), DipCompSci(Cantab); and Marine Gobbe, MST(Optom), PhD
Chapter 23 Intracorneal Inlays for Presbyopia  
Dimitrios I. Bouzoukis, MD, PhD and George D. Kymionis, MD, PhD
Chapter 24 Cornea “Shrinking” Techniques: Conductive Keratoplasty, Laser Thermal Keratoplasty, and Intrastromal Femtosecond Laser-Based Procedures  
Tatiana L. Naoumidi, MD, PhD and Ioannis G. Pallikaris, MD, PhD
Chapter 25 Scleral Expansion Bands  François Malecaze, MD, PhD; Vincent Soler, MD, PhD; and Céline Guillaud, MD
Chapter 26 Laser Scleral Matrix Microexcisions (LaserACE/Erbium YAG Laser)  
AnnMarie Hipsley, DPT, PhD and Marguerite McDonald, MD, FACS
Chapter 27 Femtosecond Laser Photodisruption of the Crystalline Lens for Restoring Accommodation  
Glauco H. Reggiani Mello, MD, PhD, MBA; David Smadja, MD; and Ronald R. Krueger, MD, MSE 
Chapter 28 Lens Refilling 
Nino Hirnschall, MD and Oliver Findl, MD, MBA
Chapter 29 Presbyopia Surgery: Decision Making, Particularly in Patients Who Have Previously Undergone Refractive Surgery 
Ioannis G. Pallikaris, MD, PhD; George D. Kymionis, MD, PhD; and Dimitra M. Portaliou, MD

Section VII Evaluating the Effectiveness of Presbyopia Correction  
Chapter 30 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Presbyopia Corrections: Subjective Methods  
August Colenbrander, MD
Chapter 31 Presbyopia Correction: Evaluating Success Using Behavioral Methods  
Sotiris Plainis, MSc, PhD and James Wolffsohn, BSc(Hons), PgCertHE, PgDipAdvClinOptom, MBA, PhD 
Chapter 32 Objective Measurement of Accommodation  
Daniel R. Neal, PhD; Thomas D. Raymond, PhD; William Trattler, MD; George Beiko, BM, BCh, FRCS, CMD; Hartmut Vogelsang, Dr rer nat, Dipl-Phys; and Wolfgang Kern, Dipl-Ing (FH)
Chapter 33 Evaluation of Image Quality Using Computational Wavefront Metrics  
Harilaos Ginis, PhD
Chapter 34 Ocular Imaging Techniques and Their Applications in Presbyopic Correction  
Aristophanis Pallikaris, MSc

Section VIII Finale  
Chapter 35 Synthesis 
W. Neil Charman, PhD, DSc; Ioannis G. Pallikaris, MD, PhD; and Sotiris Plainis, MSc, PhD 

Glossary
Financial Disclosures 
Index