Organ Technique : Modern and Early

The authors' new approach to learning two playing techniques offers a systematic method for mastering the modern, legato technique needed for organ music composed after 1750, as well as an articulated technique for earlier works. The authors also present useful information on accompanyinganthems and solos and on adapting piano and orchestral accompaniments to the organ.

Preface

ix

The Notation of Pitch and Keyboard Compass

xv

Part I MODERN ORGAN TECHNIQUE

A Method of Legato Playing for Music Composed after 1750

1

(2)

Manual Playing

3

(71)

Preliminaries

3

(2)

Position at the Console

3

(1)

Playing Motion

4

(1)

Depression and Release of the Key

5

(5)

Legato Touch and Finger Independence

10

(6)

Finger Substitution

16

(13)

Studies and Short Works

23

(6)

Finger Glissando

29

(7)

Short Work

34

(2)

Finger Crossing

36

(7)

Short Works

40

(3)

The Performance of Post-1750 Organ Music: Special Considerations

43

(21)

Part Playing

43

(10)

Articulation

53

(3)

Registration: Some Fundamental Considerations

56

(2)

Methods of Changing Dynamics

58

(6)

Additional Compositions for Manuals

64

(10)

Pedal Playing

74

(98)

Preliminaries

74

(2)

Shoes

74

(1)

The Notation of the Pedal and Pedaling

75

(1)

Position at the Console

76

(1)

Position of the Legs and Feet

76

(1)

Depression and Release of the Key

76

(5)

Study

81

(1)

Legato Touch and Foot Independence

81

(16)

Alternate Toes

81

(5)

Toe-Heel

86

(3)

Pivoting

89

(2)

Studies and Short Works

91

(6)

Intervals and Figurations I

97

(14)

Alternate Toes

97

(5)

Toe-Heel

102

(3)

Studies and Short Works

105

(6)

Foot Substitution

111

(9)

Substitution on White Keys

111

(3)

Substitution on Black Keys

114

(1)

Single-Foot Substitution

115

(1)

Short Works

116

(4)

Intervals and Figurations II

120

(8)

Alternate Toes

120

(2)

Toe-Hell

122

(1)

Scales and Scale-Derived Passages

123

(3)

Short Works

126

(2)

Foot Glissando

128

(6)

Black Key to White Key Glissando

128

(2)

Black Key to Black Key Glissando

130

(2)

Short Work

132

(2)

Pedal Scales

134

(2)

Intervals and Figurations III

136

(6)

Alternate Toes

136

(3)

Toe-Heel

139

(3)

Additional Compositions for Manuals and Pedal

142

(25)

Part II EARLY ORGAN TECHNIQUE

A Method of Articulated Playing for Music Composed before 1750

167

(5)

Early Organ Technique

172

(85)

Preliminaries

172

(1)

Position at the Console

172

(1)

The ``Ordinary Touch,''

172

(10)

Hand Shifting

173

(1)

Finger Skipping

173

(2)

Foot Shifting

175

(1)

Toe Skipping

176

(1)

Repeated Notes

177

(2)

Adjacent Notes

179

(2)

Leaps

181

(1)

Scale Patterns

182

(7)

Two-Finger Scale Patterns

182

(3)

Alternate-Toe Scale Patterns

185

(2)

Four-Finger Scale Patterns

187

(2)

Note Groupings, Meter, and Part Playing

189

(14)

Meter and Articulation

189

(8)

The Articulation of Note Groups in Duple Meter

197

(3)

The Articulation of Note Groups in Triple Meter

200

(2)

The Articulation of Compound Meters and Triplets

202

(1)

Manual and Pedal Playing

203

(54)

Manual and Pedal Combined

203

(3)

Additional Compositions

206

(51)

Part III OTHER ASPECTS OF ORGAN PLAYING

257

(115)

Organs, Repertory, and Registrations: Principal Schools

258

(58)

The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

258

(32)

Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands

258

(13)

France

271

(7)

Italy

278

(6)

England

284

(5)

Spain and Portugal

289

(1)

The Nineteenth Century: The Romantic Era

290

(14)

Germany

291

(6)

France

297

(7)

The Twentieth Century: The Modern Era

304

(12)

Ornamentation

316

(19)

Baroque Ornamentation

316

(15)

National Schools

316

(2)

The Principal Types of Graces Found in the Organ Music of Bach and His Contemporaries

318

(8)

The Need for Spontaneity and Flexibility

326

(5)

Embellishing Baroque Scores

331

(4)

The Appropriateness of Ornamentation

331

(3)

Practice and Performance

334

(1)

New Techniques of Late Twentieth-Century Organ Music

335

(10)

New Approaches to Rhythm

335

(4)

Notated Accelerando and Ritardando

335

(2)

Complex Rhythmic Organization

337

(2)

New Modes of Sound Production

339

(6)

Tone Clusters

339

(3)

Glissandos

342

(1)

Cluster Glissandos

343

(2)

Service Playing

345

(27)

Hymn Playing: Basic Techniques

345

(15)

Preliminaries

345

(1)

Romantic and Modern Hymns

346

(10)

Early Hymns

356

(4)

Hymn Playing: Further Considerations

360

(8)

Performance Conventions

360

(2)

Hymn Modulation

362

(2)

Less Conventional Hymn Types

364

(4)

Accompanying Anthems and Solos

368

(4)

Preparation

368

(1)

Conducting from the Console

368

(1)

Accompanying with a Conductor

368

(1)

Adapting Piano and Orchestral Scores

368

(4)

APPENDIX: THE ORGAN

372

(7)

Winding System

372

(1)

Key Action

372

(1)

Organ Pipes

372

(4)

Divisions

376

(1)

Registrational Devices

376

(3)

List of Compositions

379

(2)

Figure Credits

381

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Organ Technique : Modern and Early

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials