Water Fluoridation

An updated version of the 1995 edition, this Manual is particularly valuable to those who design, install, operate, or maintain water fluoridation systems. It addresses the application of fluoride to finished water to prevent tooth decay. Topics range from the history, theory, and chemicals used in fluoridation to criteria for selecting and monitoring systems.

List of Figures

v

List of Tables

vii

Foreword

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

History, Theory, and Chemicals

1

(14)

History and Theory

1

(8)

Chemicals

9

(4)

Bibliography

13

(2)

Fluoridation System Planning

15

(18)

General System Configurations

16

(2)

Chemical Selection Guidelines

18

(2)

Preliminary Calculations

20

(2)

Feed Rate and Dosage Calculations

22

(1)

Example Feed Rate Calculations

23

(3)

Example Calculated Dosage Problems

26

(1)

Simplification of Feed Rate and Dosage Calculations

27

(4)

Preliminary Planning Examples

31

(1)

Bibliography

31

(2)

Design, Equipment, and Installation

33

(24)

Design

33

(4)

Feeders

37

(8)

Auxiliary Equipment

45

(8)

Equipment Installation

53

(2)

Bibliography

55

(2)

Operation and Maintenance

57

(16)

Control Scheme

57

(4)

Troubleshooting

61

(2)

Records

63

(1)

Maintenance

63

(3)

Safety

66

(5)

Bibliography

71

(2)

Defluoridation

73

(8)

Activated Alumina (AA) Treatment Process

73

(6)

Reverse Osmosis Treatment

79

(1)

Bibliography

80

(1)

Additional Sources of Information

81

(4)

Index

85

(4)

AWWA Manuals

89

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials