Abdoulaye Saine teaches African Studies and International Political Economy in the Department of Political Science at Miami University.
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
Introduction
3
(16)
The Democratization Nexus
6
(4)
The Cases
10
(6)
Indeed "Not Yet Democracy"
16
(3)
Chapter I Côte d'Ivoire: The Miracle that Wasn't, Flawed Civil-Military Relations, and Missed Opportunity
19
(32)
Introduction
19
(3)
Brief Historical Background
22
(3)
France and West Africa: A Background
25
(1)
Coup Prevention Strategies: The Seeds of Military Intervention
26
(5)
The French Military Presence
27
(2)
Co-optation, Manipulation, and Politicization of the Military
29
(2)
Effects of the Coup Prevention Strategies
31
(6)
The Coup and Its Aftermath
37
(3)
The Military Interlude and Beyond
40
(5)
The Aftermath
45
(1)
High Hopes and Missed Opportunity
46
(5)
Chapter II The Military and "Democratization" in The Gambia: 1994-2002
51
(28)
The Jawara Years: 1965-94
53
(3)
The Military and "Democratization": 1994-96
56
(3)
Civil and Political Rights under the AFPRC: 1994-96
59
(5)
Social and Economic Rights
64
(3)
Human Rights under the APRC: 1997-2002
67
(3)
Policy Recommendations
70
(6)
Conclusion
76
(3)
Chapter III The October 2001 Presidential Elections in The Gambia
79
(28)
Background
79
(2)
Lifting Ban on Decree 89
81
(3)
Campaign and Issues
84
(5)
The Election Results
89
(3)
Post-Election Violence, Intimidation and Job Dismissals
92
(2)
Analysis
94
(8)
Recommendations
102
(2)
Conclusion
104
(3)
Chapter IV Mauritania 1991-2001: Regime Rearrangement and "Consolidation" of Instability?
107
(32)
Introduction
107
(1)
Historical Background
108
(2)
External Pressure and Its Outcome
110
(3)
Ould Taya's Personal Evolution
113
(2)
Human Rights Abuses
115
(2)
The Economy: A Tribal Monopoly
117
(2)
The "Programmed Electoral Putsch"
119
(3)
The "Consolidation" of Instability
122
(4)
Plus Ça Change...
126
(8)
Opposition Radicalization and Uncertain Future
134
(5)
Chapter V Friend or Foe? The Military and Democratic Transition in Benin and Togo
139
(40)
Introduction
139
(2)
The Military and Politics in Benin
141
(1)
The First Military Coup of 1963
142
(2)
The Military Coups of 1965
144
(2)
The 1967 Military Coup
146
(2)
The 1969 Military Coup
148
(2)
The 1972 Military Coup
150
(2)
The Military and the National Conference in Benin
152
(10)
The Second "October Revolution"
152
(4)
The National Conference
156
(6)
The Military and Politics in Togo
162
(6)
The Military Coup of 1963
164
(3)
The 1967 Military Coup
167
(1)
The Military and National Conference in Togo
168
(8)
Conclusion
176
(3)
Conclusion
179
(14)
Epilogue
193
(8)
Bibliography
201
(14)
Index
215
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