Microwave Differential Circuit Design Using

Gain hands-on understanding of powerful new mixed-mode scattering parameter techniques and their applications in microwave circuit design, straight from the inventors of the techniques themselves. This groundbreaking resource uses the original research and application work in the field to describe mixed-mode S-parameter principles. Supported with over 150 illustrations, the book thoroughly explains practical techniques that help you more effectively analyze differential and multi-port systems; measure and describe multi-port circuit performance; and conduct differential circuit analyses for isolation, crosstalk, stability, noise reduction, and balance.

William R. Eisenstadt is an associate professor in the department of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Florida Bob Stengel is a fellow of the technical staff of Motorola Labs, Plantation, Florida Bruce M. Thompson is a distinguished member of the technical staff at Motorola Labs, Plantation, Florida

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xv

1 Differential Circuit Technology

1

(26)

1.1 Introduction

1

(1)

1.2 Digital Versus Analog Signal Integrity

2

(2)

1.3 Signal Integrity Issues

4

(5)

1.3.1 Rise Time, Fall Time, Duty Cycle, and Period

4

(1)

1.3.2 Jitter

5

(2)

1.3.3 Bit Error Rate

7

(1)

1.3.4 Isolation

7

(2)

1.4 Interconnect Discontinuities

9

(1)

1.5 Differential Circuit Definitions

9

(4)

1.6 Electromagnetic Coupling

13

(5)

1.7 Common-Mode Impedance Rejection of Differential Circuits

18

(3)

1.8 Increased Distortion-Free Dynamic Range with Differential Circuits

21

(2)

1.9 Nonlinear Even-Order Distortion Improvement with Differential Circuits

23

(2)

1.10 Conclusions

25

(1)

References

26

(1)

2 Mixed-Mode S-Parameters

27

(20)

2.1 Introduction

27

(3)

2.2 Mode Definitions

30

(2)

2.3 Mode-Specific Waves and Impedances

32

(2)

2.4 Normalized Power Waves

34

(3)

2.5 Mixed-Mode Scattering Parameters

37

(5)

2.6 Standard S-Parameter/Mixed-Mode S-Parameter Transformation

42

(3)

2.7 Conclusions

45

(1)

References

46

(1)

3 Transmission Lines and Systems

47

(32)

3.1 Introduction

47

(1)

3.2 Traveling Waves and Transmission-Line Concepts

48

(5)

3.3 Mode Specific S-Parameters—Isolated 'Transmission Lines

53

(7)

3.4 Mode Specific S-Parameters—Coupled Transmission Lines

60

(5)

3.5 Time-Domain Analysis—Coupled Transmission Lines

65

(1)

3.6 Distributed Mixed-Mode S-Parameter to R, L, and C Model

66

(5)

3.7 Single-Ended Signal Application in Mixed-Mode Terms

71

(7)

3.8 Conclusions

78

(1)

References

78

(1)

4 Differential Low-Noise Amplifier

79

(34)

4.1 Introduction

79

(1)

4.2 DLNA Implementation

80

(7)

4.2.1 Ideal Mixed-Mode S-Parameters

81

(2)

4.2.2 Practical Matching Limitations

83

(1)

4.2.3 Noise Rejection

83

(3)

4.2.4 Common-Mode Gain

86

(1)

4.3 DLNA S-Parameters, Sad

87

(1)

4.4 Neutralized DLNA

88

(2)

4.5 Passive Circuits

90

(1)

4.6 Impedance Matching

91

(2)

4.7 Cross-Mode Parameters

93

(1)

4.8 Common-Mode Rejection

94

(2)

4.9 Supply and Ground Response

96

(1)

4.10 Common-Mode Signal Postprocessing

97

(1)

4.11 Noise Figure

98

(2)

4.12 Balanced Signal Losses

100

(3)

4.13 Distortion Analysis

103

(3)

4.14 Odd-Order Distortion

106

(2)

4.15 Even-Order Distortion

108

(4)

4.16 Conclusions

112

(1)

References

112

(1)

5 Power Splitter and Combiner Analysis

113

(40)

5.1 Introduction

113

(1)

5.2 Wilkinson Impedance Transformer Splitter/Combiner

114

(1)

5.3 Splitter/Combiner Mixed-Mode S-Parameter Matrix

115

(4)

5.4 Splitter/Combiner Standard S-Parameter Matrix

119

(6)

5.5 Mixed-Mode Splitter/Combiner Smm = MSstd M-¹

125

(5)

5.6 Splitter General-Purpose Analysis/Specifications

130

(7)

5.7 Combiner General-Purpose Analysis/Specifications

137

(4)

5.8 Hybrid Splitter/Combiner and Mixed-Mode S-Parameters

141

(3)

5.9 Transformer Sigma/Delta Hybrid Implementation

144

(5)

5.10 Transformer 90° Hybrid Implementation

149

(2)

5.11 Summary—Mixed-Mode S-Parameters Applied to Baluns and Hybrids

151

(1)

References

152

(1)

6 Mixed-Mode Analysis Applied to Four-Ports and Higher

153

(40)

6.1 Introduction

153

(1)

6.2 Impedance (Z), Admittance (Y), Hybrid (H), ABCD, Chain (T), and Scattering (S) Parameter Network Matrix Models

153

(18)

6.3 Differential Band-Pass Filter

171

(13)

6.4 Dual Directional Coupler

184

(2)

6.5 Differential Isolator

186

(5)

References

191

(2)

7 Mixed-Mode and Time Domain

193

(24)

7.1 Introduction

193

(2)

7.2 Steady State AC Network Response

195

(1)

7.3 Impulse Response

196

(2)

7.4 Representation of Signals by a Continuum of Impulses

198

(1)

7.5 Impulse Response

199

(3)

7.6 Step Response and TDR

202

(5)

7.7 Impulse Transmission Response and TDT

207

(5)

7.8 Parallel, Cascade, and Feedback Connections

212

(2)

7.9 Summary of S-Parameter Applications in the Time Domain

214

(1)

References

215

(2)

About the Authors

217

(2)

Index

219

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Microwave Differential Circuit Design Using Mixed-Mode S-Parameters

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials