The Dictionary of the Bible and Ancient Media

The Dictionary of the Bible and Ancient Media (DBAM) is a convenient and authoritative reference tool which relates specific terms and concepts to the study of the Bible and related literature in ancient communications culture. Particularly since the early 1980s, scholars have begun to explore the potentials of interdisciplinary theories of oral tradition, oral performance, personal and collective memory, ancient literacy and scribality, visual culture, and ritual for considerations of critical and exegetical problems in the study of the Bible, the history of Israel, Christian origins,and rabbinics. DBAM responds to the rapid growth of the field by providing a reference tool that offers definitions and discussions of relevant terms and concepts and the relationships between them.

This volume begins with an overview of "ancient media studies" and a brief history of research to orient the novice reader to the field and the broader research context of the book. It features individual entries of 300-5000 words on terms and topics commonly encountered in studies of the Bible in ancient media culture. Each entry defines the term/concept under consideration, then offers more sustained discussion of the topic often with particular attention to its relevance to the study of the Bible and related literature. For convenience, individual entries are catalogued alphabetically and cross-referenced to indicate connections between the various topics; electronic versions of this resource are internally hyperlinked using the same reference system.

Tom Thatcher is Professor of Biblical Studies at Cincinnati Christian University, USA. He has authored or edited numerous books and articles on the Johannine Literature and early Christian media culture.

Chris Keith is Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity and Director of the Centre for the Social-Scientific Study of the Bible at St. Mary's University College, Twickenham, UK.

Raymond F. Person, Jr. is Associate Professor of Religion at Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio, USA.

Elsie Stern is Vice President for Academic Affairs at Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, USA.

Table of Contents
Abecedary, Christopher Rollston, George Washington University, USA
Actual past, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Alexandria, Joel Kalvesmaki, Dumbarton Oaks, USA
Amulets, Carol Fontaine Andover Newton Theological School, USA
Answerability, Barbara Green, Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology, USA
Apocalypses, Leslie Baynes, Missouri State University, USA
Apocalypses, Philip Esler, University of Gloucestershire, UK
Archetype/schema, Barry Schwartz, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Archives/Libraries, Matthew Larsen, Yale University, USA
Assmann, Jan, Jens Schroeter, University of Berlin, Germany
Audience address/asides, Tom Boomershine, United Theological Seminary, USA
Authorship (Concept of), Hindy Najman, Yale University, USA
Bakhtin, M. M., Barbara Green, Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology, USA
Baptism, Everett Ferguson, Abilene Christian University, USA
Bauman, Richard, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Biosphere, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Blessings and Curses, Melissa Ramos, University of California-Los Angeles, USA
Bultmann, Rudolf, Werner Kelber, Rice University, USA
Calendars (Time Mapping), Sacha Stern; Helen Jacobus
Canon/Scripture, Tomas Bokedal, University of Aberdeen, UK
Cartography (Space Mapping), Ora Limor, The Open University of Israel, Israel; Oded Irshai, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Catechism, Marcie Lenk, Shalom Hartman Institute, Israel
Cave of Letters (Nahal Hever), Mladan Popovic, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Netherlands
Chirograph, Werner Kelber, Rice University, USA
Chronotope, Barbara Green, Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology, USA
Circumcision, Sandra Jacobs, King's College-London, UK
Codeswitching, Sang-il Lee, Chongshin University, South Korea
Codex, Erin Vearncombe, Princeton University, USA
Cognitive/Personal Memory, Rob McIver, Avondale College, Australia
Coins, David Wenkel, Moody Bible Institute, USA
Collective memory, Sandra Huebenthal, Universität Passau, Germany
Collective/Social Memory, Alan Kirk, James Madison University, USA
Colon, Margaret Lee, Tulsa Community College, USA
Communicative economy, Shem Miller, University of Mississippi, USA
Communicative memory, Sandra Huebenthal, Universität Passau, Germany
Conversation Analysis, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Countermemory, Judith Odor, Asbury Theological Seminary, USA
Culley, Robert, Fiona Black, Mount Allison University, Canada
Cultural memory, Sandra Huebenthal, Universität Passau, Germany
Cylinder seals, Mark Ziese, Johnson University, USA
Dance, Angela Yarber, Wake Forest University, USA
Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Judean Desert Texts, Bennie Reynolds, Tyndale University College, Canada
Death and Mourning Rituals, Seth Sanders, Trinity College, USA
Dialogism, Barbara Green, Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology, USA
Dibelius, Martin, Samuel Byrskog, Centre for Theology and Religious Studies, Lund University, Sweden
Discourse Analysis, Stan Porter, McMaster Divinity College, Canada
Drama, Joann Brant, Goshen College, USA
Dundes, Alan, Wolfgang Mieder, University of Vermont, USA
Early Christian Literature, Tobias Nicklas (Universität Regensburg, Germany) and Julia Snyder (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany)
Early Jewish Literature, Eva Mroczek, University of California-Davis, USA
Education in Ancient Israel, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Education in Hellenistic Israel, Heather Gorman, Johnson University, USA
Elephantine Papyri, Verena Lepper, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
Enchiridion, Judith Odor, Asbury Theological Seminary, USA
Enochic literature (mainly 1 Enoch), Rodney Werline, Barton College, USA
Epigraphy, Christopher Rollston, George Washington University, USA
Equiprimordiality, Werner Kelber, Rice University, USA
Ethnography of speaking, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Ethnopoetics, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Eucharist, Jens Schroeter, University of Berlin, Germany
Exorcism, Ida Fröhlich, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Hungary
Fasting,
Finnegan, Ruth, Eric Eve, Harris Manchester College, UK
Flashbulb Memories, Rob McIver, Avondale College, Australia
Foley, John Miles, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Folkloristics, Song-Mi "Suzie" Park, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, USA
Form Criticism, Samuel Byrskog, Centre for Theology and Religious Studies, Lund University, Sweden
Formula, Aaron Tate, University of Wisconsin, USA
Genealogies, Ingeborg Löwisch, Universiteit Utrecht, Netherlands
Genre, Aubrey Buster, Emory University, USA
Gerhardsson, Birger, Samuel Byrskog, Centre for Theology and Religious Studies, Lund University, Sweden
Gist, Rob McIver, Avondale College, Australia
Glossalalia, David Allen, Queen's Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education, UK
Glossolalia, David Allen, Queen's Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education, UK
Goody, Jack, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Gospel reading/performance, Tom Boomershine, United Theological Seminary, USA
Graffiti, Craig Evans, Houston Baptist University, USA
Great Tradition/Little Tradition, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Greco-Roman Theories of Media, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Greek poetry
Gunkel, Hermann, Samuel Byrskog, Centre for Theology and Religious Studies, Lund University, Sweden
Guslar, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Haftarah, Elsie Stern, Reconstructionis Rabbinical College, USA
Halbwachs, Maurice, Barry Schwartz, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Hallel, Elsie Stern, Reconstructionis Rabbinical College, USA
Havelock, Eric, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Hebrew poetry, Katherine Hayes, Seminary of the Immaculate Conception, USA
Hexapla, John Meade, Phoenix Seminary, USA
Historiography (Ancient), Beth Sheppard, Duke University, USA
Homeric question, Aaron Tate, University of Wisconsin, USA
Hot Memory/Cold Memory, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Household items, Carol Meyers, Duke University, USA
Houses, David Balch, Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary
Hymes, Dell, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Hymns, Eva Mroczek, University of California-Davis, USA
Iconography, Carol Fontaine, Andover Newton Theological School, USA
Identity (Social and Personal), Coleman Baker, Texas Christian University, USA
Initiation Rituals, Michael Hundley, Syracuse University, USA
Intersemiotics, Dan Fitzgerald, Nida Institute for Biblical Scholarship, USA
Intertextuality/Canon Criticism, Hindy Najman, Yale University, USA
Ipsissima verba/structura, Tom Boomershine, United Theological Seminary, USA
Jamnia/Yavneh, Ed Gallagher, Heritage Christian University, USA
Jesus Tradition, Rafael Rodriguez, Johnson University, USA
Jousse, Marcel, Werner Kelber, Rice University, USA
Jubilees, Bennie Reynolds, Tyndale University College, Canada
Kelber, Werner, Eric Eve, Harris Manchester College, UK
Lector, Dan Nässelqvist, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Letters, Minna Shkul, University of Sheffield, UK
Letters, Minna Shkul, University of Sheffield, UK
Literacy, Chris Keith, St. Mary's University, UK
Long term/short term memory (operation and characteristics), Marti Steussy, Christian Theological Seminary, USA
Lord, Albert, Scott Garner, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, USA
LXX, John Meade, Phoenix Seminary, USA
Manuscript, Chris Keith, St. Mary's University, UK
Master Myths/Narratives, Yael Zerubavel, Rutgers University, USA
McLuhan, Marshal, Tom Boomershine, United Theological Seminary, USA
Meals/Banquets, Andrea Lieber, Dickinson College, USA
Memory Persistence and Decay, Rob McIver, Avondale College, Australia
Memory Theater, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Metonymy, Katherine Hayes, Seminary of the Immaculate Conception, USA
Mishnah, Catherine Hezser, SOAS University of London, UK
Monuments, Warren Carter, Brite Divinity School, USA
Mouvance
MT, John Meade, Phoenix Seminary, USA
Multiformity, Shem Miller, University of Mississippi, USA
Murals/mosaics, Sean Burrus, Duke University, USA
Music, John Arthur Smith, Church of Norway
Narrative Gospels, Rafael Rodriguez, Johnson University, USA
Narrativity, Werner Kelber, Rice University, USA
Niditch, Susan, Suzie Park, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, USA
Nonverbal Communication (In Performance), Whitney Shiner, George Mason University, USA
Oaths, Tony Cartledge, Campbell University, USA
Ong, Walter, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Oral Tradition, The Comparative Study of, Werner Kelber, Rice University, USA
Orality, Eric Eve, Harris Manchester College, UK
Orality/Literacy References
Ordeals, invited Michael Hundley, Syracuse University, USA 1/27
Original, Terrence Mournet, Ashland Theological Seminary, USA
Orthography, Chris Rollston, George Washington University, USA
Ostraca, Mark Ziese, Johnson University, USA
Papias (on writing), Stephen Carlson, Australian Catholic University, Australia
Papyrus, Brice Jones, University of Louisiana at Monroe, USA
Parables (of Jesus), Dieter Roth, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
Parchment/Vellum, Brice Jones, University of Louisiana at Monroe, USA
Parry, Milman,Scott Garner, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, USA
Passion Narrative, Ellen Aitken, McGill University, Canada
Pauline Literature, Minna Shkul, University of Sheffield, UK
Performance Arena, Shem Miller, University of Mississippi, USA
Performance Criticism, David Rhoads, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, USA
Pergamum, Beth Sheppard, Duke University, USA
Period, Margaret Lee, Tulsa Community College, USA
Pesharim, Barry Hartog, Kathlolieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Pilgrimage, Allen Kerkeslager, Saint Joseph's University, USA
Plato (on Writing), Ward Blanton, University of Kent, UK
Pluriform(ity), Terrence Mournet, Ashland Theological Seminary, USA
Poetics, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Pompeii, Bruce Longenecker, Baylor University, USA
Postmemory, Tim Langille, Middle Tennessee State University, USA
Potter's Marks, Mark Ziese, Johnson University, USA
Preaching, early Christian, Marcie Lenk, Shalom Hartman Institute, Israel
Presentism/constructionism, Anthony Le Donne, United Theological Seminary, USA
Prophecy: omens, oracles, exhortations, etc., Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Proverbs, Katherine Dell, University of Cambridge, USA
Psalms in worship, Susan Gillingham, University of Oxford, UK
Publication, Dan Nässelqvist, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Purification Rituals, Hannah Harrington, Patten University, USA
Q, Dieter Roth, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
Rabbinics, Natalie Dohrmann, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Ras Shamra, Herbert Niehr, Universität Tübingen, Germany
Re-worked Pentateuch (4QRP), Bennie Reynolds, Tyndale University College, Canada
Reading Cultures, Chris Keith, St. Mary's University, UK
Realism, Barry Schwartz, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Register, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Reputation, Rafael Rodriguez, Johnson University, USA
Reputational entrepreneurs, Rafael Rodriguez, Johnson University, USA
Rewritten Scripture, Bennie Reynolds, Tyndale University College, Canada
Rhetoric, Craig Keener, Asbury Theological Seminary, USA
Riddles, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Sabbath, Elsie Stern, Reconstructionis Rabbinical College, USA
Sayings and Dialogue Gospels, Terence Mournet, Ashland Theological Seminary, USA
Schwartz, Barry, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Scribal Memory, David Carr, Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York, USA
Scribes, Catherine Hezser, SOAS University of London, UK
Scriptoria, Joel Kalvesmaki, Dumbarton Oaks, USA
Scrolls, Brice Jones, University of Louisiana at Monroe, USA
Secondary Orality, Michael Labahn, Martin Luther Universitäte Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
Signets, Mark Ziese, Johnson University, USA
Simonides, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
'Sitz im Leben', Judith Odor, Asbury Theological Seminary, USA
Social Memory, Sandra Huebenthal, Universität Passau, Germany
Sociolinguistics, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Sound Mapping, Margaret Lee, Tulsa Community College, USA
SP, Sidnie White Crawford, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
Special Grammar, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Speech Genres (Theory and Examples), Christine Mitchell, St. Andrew's College, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Story pattern, Katherine Hayes, Seminary of the Immaculate Conception, USA
Storytelling, Ray Person, Ohio Northern University, USA
Synagogues, Eric Meyers, Duke University, USA
Targums, John C. Poirier, Kingswell Theological Seminary, USA
Tedlock, Dennis, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Tel El Amarna, Verena Lepper, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
Temple, Jerusalem, Liz Bloch-Smith, Saint Joseph's University, USA
Temple, Second
Temples (Pagan, Civic), Warren Carter, Brite Divinity School, USA
Testaments, Annette Yoshiko Reed, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Testimonia, John C. Poirier, Kingswell Theological Seminary, USA
Text Brokers, Chris Keith, St. Mary's University, UK
Text Criticism, Tommy Wasserman & Ray Person (Ohio Northern University, USA) with Chris Keith
Textual Communities, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
The Great Divide, Chris Keith, St. Mary's University, UK
Theme, Lori Garner, Rhodes College, USA
Therapeutae, Tom Thatcher, Cincinnati Christian University, USA
Thomas, Rosalind, Randy Lumpp, Regis College, USA
Torah Reading, Elsie Stern, Reconstructionis Rabbinical College, USA
Tradition as Memory, Alan Kirk, James Madison University, USA
Traditional Referentiality, Lori Garner, Rhodes College, USA
Traditionalism, Anthony Le Donne, United Theological Seminary, USA
Traditionsbruch, Alan Kirk, James Madison University, USA
Translation, James Maxey, Nida Institute for Biblical Scholarship, USA
Transmission
Type scene, Deborah Beck, Swarthmore College, USA
Villa de Papyri (Herculaneum), Peter Oakes, University of Manchester, UK
Vindolanda, Greg Snyder, Davidson College, USA
Visual Culture and Exegesis, Ryan Bonfiglio, Columbia Theological Seminary, USA
War rituals, Jason Riley, Fuller Theological Seminary, USA
Wax Tablets, Jeff Brickle, Urshan Graduate School of Theology, USA
Wisdom Collections, John Kampen, Methodist Theological School in Ohio, USA
Worship, Christian, Drew Billings, Pepperdine University, USA
Worship, Jewish (including Judea, Samaria, Galilee, Diaspora), Laura Lieber, Duke University, USA
Writing Materials (Overview), Emanuel Tov (Hebre University of Jerusalem, Israel), Christopher Rollston (George Washington University, USA) and Brice Jones (University of Louisiana at Monroe, USA)

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