African Americans and Political Participation

This handbook provides a thorough treatment of the various mechanisms African Americans have used to participate in U.S. political affairs from the colonial era to the present.

Foreword

ix

Bennie Gordon Thompson

Series Foreword

xix

Raymond A. Smith

Preface

xxi

Minion K. C. Morrison

Overview

1

(62)

Minion K. C. Morrison

The Differential Status of African Americans: The Long Shadow of Enslavement and the Continuity of Resistance

2

(1)

The Study of African American Politics

3

(4)

Who Are the African Americans?

7

(6)

African American Demographic Resources and the Political Process

13

(21)

Political Processes: The Slavery Era to the Present

34

(15)

Post-Depression Political Realignment: The New Democratic Coalition

49

(9)

Conclusion

58

(1)

References

58

(5)

Protest Politics, Hanes Walton Jr.

63

(54)

Political Science and African American Protest

64

(5)

An Alternative Model: Resource Mobilization

69

(2)

African American Protests: Colonial, Slavery, and Abolition Periods

71

(10)

Political Protest: National Organizations and Abolition

81

(5)

The Source of Race Leadership: Protest Spokespeople

86

(3)

The Institutional Church: Leadership, Protest, and Lobbying

89

(2)

Legalism as a Protest and Lobbying Technique

91

(4)

The Rise of Protest Demonstrations, Boycotts, and Political Violence

95

(11)

The Montgomery Bus Boycott: A Case Study

106

(3)

The Rebirth of the Clientage Leader: The Post-Civil Rights Era

109

(1)

Conclusion

110

(2)

References

112

(5)

Civil Rights Organizations and Movements

117

(66)

Lawrence J. Hanks

African American Organizations in the Context of U.S. Interest Groups

119

(4)

The African American Church and Religious Leadership

123

(5)

Richard Allen and the AME Church: A Case Study

128

(5)

The Back to Africa Movement

133

(6)

Marcus Garvey: A Case Study of a Back to Africa Movement

139

(6)

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

145

(6)

The National Urban League

151

(5)

The Nation of Islam (Black Muslims in America)

156

(5)

The Million Man March: A Case Study

161

(2)

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference

163

(5)

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

168

(8)

Conclusion

176

(1)

References

177

(6)

Participation in Electoral Politics

183

(58)

Byron D'Andra Orey

Reginald Vance

Some Determinants of Political Behavior

184

(3)

African American Public Opinion and Partisan Identification

187

(2)

Racially Polarized Voting: An Outcome of Racial Exclusion and In-Group Processes

189

(2)

Political Behavior in the Colonial and Slavery Periods

191

(3)

Black Third-Party Efforts: A Case Study

194

(2)

Political Participation during Reconstruction

196

(1)

The Republican Party Identification: The Legacy of Lincoln

197

(3)

Reconstruction in South Carolina: Black over White---A Case Study

200

(3)

The Collapse of Reconstruction and Continued Republican Identification

203

(2)

African American Migration and the Emergence of the New Deal Democratic Coalition

205

(2)

The Democratic Party: Post-New Deal Coalition

207

(3)

The African American Democratic Bloc in National Politics

210

(1)

The African American Presidential Vote, 1952--2000

211

(6)

Post-Civil Rights Local Political Behavior

217

(6)

The Black Political Party Revisited

223

(5)

Democratic Party Conventions: Black Delegates and Black Presidential Candidates

228

(6)

Conclusion

234

(3)

References

237

(4)

African Americans in Office

241

(68)

Minion K. C. Morrison

Richard Middleton, IV

The Meanings of Formal Office Holding

242

(2)

Foundations of Constant Struggle for Equality: Slavery and Ambivalence in Application of the Law

244

(3)

Formal Participation during Reconstruction

247

(12)

Political Participation from Post-Reconstruction to the Great Migration

259

(6)

The Great Migration and Party Realignment

265

(4)

The Civil Rights Movement, the New Democratic Coalition, and Judicial Activism

269

(3)

Post-Voting Rights Act Office Holding: A Census

272

(11)

African American Political and Bureaucratic Leadership

283

(10)

African Americans in the Federal Judiciary

293

(4)

Electoral Leadership and the African American Agenda

297

(1)

Jesse Jackson: A Democratic Party Contender for President

298

(4)

Conclusion

302

(3)

References

305

(4)

Conclusion: A Limited Democracy for Blacks

309

(6)

Minion K. C. Morrison

Key People, Laws, and Terms

315

(16)

Resources

331

(16)

Chronology

347

(10)

Annotated Bibliography

357

(26)

About the Contributors

383

(2)

Index

385

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African Americans and Political Participation : A Reference Handbook

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