Beta Beams

The beta-beam concept for the generation of electron neutrino beams was first proposed by Piero Zucchelli in 2002. The idea created quite a stir, challenging the idea that intense neutrino beams only could be produced from the decay of pions or muons in classical neutrino beams facilities or in future neutrino factories. The concept initially struggled to make an impact but the hard work by many machine physicists, phenomenologists and theoreticians over the last five years has won the beta-beam a well-earned position as one of the frontrunners for a possible future world laboratory for high intensity neutrino oscillation physics. This is the first complete monograph on the beta-beam concept. The book describes both technical aspects and experimental aspects of the beta-beam, providing i) students and scientists with an insight into the possibilities offered by beta-beams; ii) facility designers with a starting point for future studies; and iii) policy makers with a comprehensive picture of the limits and possibilities offered by a beta-beam.

Acknowledgments	p. vii
Foreword	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Neutrino Oscillations	p. 1
Experiments	p. 1
Phenomenology	p. 2
Three-family Oscillations and CP or T Violation	p. 4
How to measure leptonic CP violation	p. 5
The problem of degenerate solutions	p. 9
Experimental Setups	p. 9
Conventional neutrino beams	p. 9
First generation long-baseline experiments	p. 10
Second generation long-baseline experiments	p. 13
Next generation conventional neutrino beams	p. 16
Why Look For New Concepts in Neutrino Beams?	p. 21
New Concepts on Neutrino Beams	p. 23
Neutrino factories	p. 24
Machine Aspects	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
A Possible Beta-Beam Facility	p. 28
The Beta Beam Isotopes	p. 29
Which isotope to use	p. 29
Isotope production	p. 30
The ISOL method	p. 33
Direct production	p. 34
Production ring	p. 35
Production rates	p. 37
Ion Transfer, Ionization and Bunching	p. 39
Acceleration	p. 41
Linear accelerators	p. 42
Some basics about synchrotrons	p. 43
Stacking and Storage	p. 49
Why do we need stacking?	p. 49
Beam-cooling	p. 50
Stacking	p. 52
Annual rate of neutrinos	p. 55
Other limitations	p. 57
Possible Future Development	p. 58
Accumulation at low energy	p. 58
Two isotopes in the ring at the same time	p. 60
Higher gamma	p. 61
Barrier buckets in the decay ring	p. 62
Acceleration of partly stripped ions	p. 64
CERN-Fréjus Beta Beam Physics Potential	p. 67
Introduction	p. 67
The CERN-Fréjus Configuration	p. 68
Data Analysis	p. 69
Backgrounds	p. 70
Signals	p. 73
Systematic errors	p. 75
Oscillation Analysis	p. 78
¿13 searches	p. 79
Leptonic CP violation searches	p. 84
Searches that cannot be done in this configuration	p. 86
Combined Analyses with the Atmospheric Neutrinos	p. 89
Mass hierarchy	p. 90
Degeneracy breaking	p. 90
Combined Analyses with the SPL Super Beam	p. 90
Comparison with Other Super Beam Experiments	p. 93
Physics Potential of Other Beta Beam Settings	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
High Energy Beta Beams	p. 98
Monochromatic Neutrino Beams	p. 103
Beta Beams Based on ⁸B and ⁸Li Ions	p. 105
High Energy ⁸B/⁸Li Beta Beams	p. 107
Comparison with Other Neutrino Facilities and Green-field Scenarios	p. 109
Conclusions	p. 114
Low Energy Beta Beams	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Low Energy Setups	p. 120
Off-axis configurations	p. 122
Nuclear Structure, Neutrino-nucleus, Nuclear Astrophysics Applications	p. 127
Fundamental Interaction Studies	p. 132
Weinberg angle measurement	p. 132
Conserved vector current hypothesis	p. 133
Neutrino magnetic moment	p. 134
Bibliography	p. 137
Index	p. 153
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